Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12.5, Problem 1RIA
Summary Introduction
Nitrogen is an important building block for cellular components such as amino
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Why would glutamate utilize the oxidative deamination pathway over transamination – especially if removal of NH4+ requires ATP? Would it not be favorable for the body to just use transamination?
Which of the following statements about the transamination and deamination steps of amino acid degradation is true?
(A) a-ketoglutarate is always formed during a transamination between an amino acid and glutamate. (B) Transamination reactions produce glutamate that is deaminated after entering the urea cycle. (C) Free ammonia is removed from glutamate using glutamate dehydrogenase and NAD+ as an oxidizing agent.
(D) The free NH4+ that is removed from glutamate during the deamination reaction is used to form glucose.(E) The carbon backbone that results from transamination enters the mitochondria to be used in the urea cycle.
Diagram the reactions involving glutamate dehydrogenaseand glutamine synthetase that produce glutamine from ammoniaand -ketoglutarate.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1RIACh. 12.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is self-assembly? What...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly describe the three...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Which two enzymes are...Ch. 12.4 - MICRO INQUIRY How might acetyl-CoA be used by the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2MICh. 12.4 - MICROINQUIRY What is the difference between Lipid...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is gluconeogenesis?...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe the formation of...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Suppose a microorganism is...
Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Diagram the steps involved...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What would happen to a cell...Ch. 12.5 - What purpose is served for the cell when these...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2MICh. 12.5 - Prob. 1RIACh. 12.5 - How is nitrate assimilated? How does assimilatory...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3RIACh. 12.5 - How do organisms assimilate sulfur? How does...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 5RIACh. 12.5 - Prob. 6RIACh. 12.5 - Describe the glyoxylate cycle. How is it similar...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 8RIACh. 12.5 - List the types of organisms that use each...Ch. 12.6 - How is phosphorus assimilated? What roles do...Ch. 12.6 - Explain the difference between a purine and a...Ch. 12.6 - Outline the way in which purines and pyrimidines...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1RIACh. 12.7 - How are unsaturated fatty acids made?Ch. 12.7 - Briefly describe the pathways for triacylglycerol...Ch. 12.7 - Activated carriers participate in carbohydrate,...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 5RIACh. 12 - What would happen if a microorganism that depended...Ch. 12 - Intermediary carriers are in a limited supply:...Ch. 12 - Magnetotactic bacteria are morphologically and...
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- What is the physiological significance of the isozymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardUnder anaerobic conditions, Escherichia coli synthesizes an NADH-dependent fumarate reductase rather than succinatedehydrogenase, the flavoprotein that oxidizes succinate to fumarate. a) Write an equation for the reaction catalyzed by fumarate reductase.b) NADH produced by the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction is re-oxidized by reducing an organicintermediate. Rather than reduce pyruvate to lactate, anaerobic E. coli utilize fumarate reductase. However, underanaerobiosis, the activity of -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is virtually nonexistent. Show how fumarate is formed, usinga reaction beginning with PEP and including the necessary TCA cycle enzymes.c) What is the metabolic advantage to anaerobic E. coli in using the fumarate reductase pathway rather than lactatedehydrogenase to re-oxidize NADH?arrow_forwardDEFINE AND DESCRIBE The functions of the pentose phosphate and Enter-Doudoroff pathway.arrow_forward
- In this transamination reaction (right), which of the following are the products X and Y? Oxaloacetate Glutamate A Alanine, a-ketoglutarate B Aspartate, a-ketoglutarate C Glutamate, alanine D Pyruvate, aspartatearrow_forwardIn own words, give 5 or more reasons why most of the clinical features of the diseases a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, and fumarase deficiency involve muscle and nerve tissue? and explain those reasons.arrow_forwardWhat type of reaction is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?arrow_forward
- Name the molecules used for gluconeogenesis. What are the sources of these molecules? Under what conditions would gluconeogenesis occur?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements inaccurately describes glutamate dehydrogenase? Glutamate dehydrogenase uses either NAD+ or NADP+ in a redox reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes an oxidative deamination reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium lies with the reductive amination of glutamate Glutamate dehydrogenase utilizes hydrolysis to release ammonium from an imine intermediatearrow_forwardHow is hexane oxygenated during anoxic catabolism?arrow_forward
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