For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given. Concept introduction: Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity: Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures. Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule . Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space. Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers. Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 6P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:

Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

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How many alkene products are possible in the following reaction? CI CH3 NaOEt {"CH3 H

1. Consider the following reaction - Dehydrogenation of Methyl Cyclohexane (MCH) to Toluene (TOL) using a Precious Metal (Pt) supported on Alumina. CH3 CH3 2 () + 3 H₂ Typically, hydrogenation of a cyclo-alkane, like MCH, occurs in 3 or more stages, where one bond is dehydrogenated per stage, eventually resulting in the dehydrogenation of 3 bonds. Strong adsorption of MCH is likely to occur, but the adsorption of hydrogen (either as a molecule on a single site OR as an atom on a single site) is unclear. Therefore, in this question, two types of reaction mechanisms are to be considered, as discussed below: (a) You are to first propose a reaction mechanism which includes adsorption, surface reaction, and desorption. For each of the following cases, please write down a full set of elementary reaction mechanisms. (0) Extraction of Hydrogen in 3 stages, based on dehydrogenation of each bond-where the ensuing hydrogen product is adsorbed as a molecule on a single site, in one step.…

Which alkene is required to complete the reaction in Figure 10? * A B C D All of these alkenes will form this alcohol.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 6P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:

Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 6P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:

Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 6P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:

Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

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Answer 5

Chapter 12.4, Problem 6P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:

Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 6

Chapter 12.4, Problem 6P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:

Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 7

Chapter 12.4, Problem 6P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:

Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 22

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 23

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer

Answer 24

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 25

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 26

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Answer 27

Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1P Ch. 12.2 - Write the steps for formation of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3P Ch. 12.4 - How many alkyl chlorides are obtained from...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 8P Ch. 12.5 - a. Would chlorination or bromination produce a...Ch. 12.5 - Show how the following compounds could be prepared...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 12P Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 13P

Solution Summary: The author explains the distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity. Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.

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