Chapter 12, Problem 36E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for $\text{HOCl}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 36E

The electron dot formula for $\text{HOCl}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for $\text{HOCl}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in $\text{HOCl}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of one oxygen atom, one chlorine atom and one hydrogen atom. The number of valence electron in each oxygen atom is six. The number of valence electron in each chlorine atom is seven. The number of valence electron in each hydrogen atom is one. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in $\text{HOCl}$ molecule is calculated as shown below.

$\begin{array}{rll}\text{Total}\text{number}\text{of}\text{valence}\text{electron}& =& \left(1+6+7\right){\text{e}}^{-}\\ & =& 14{\text{e}}^{-}\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electron pair is seven $\left(14/2=7\right)$. The electron dot formula for $\text{HOCl}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 1

Out of seven electron pairs, two electron pairs are involved in bonding. Therefore, there is five lone pair. The structural formula for $\text{HOCl}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 2

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for $\text{HOCl}$ molecule is shown in figure 1.

The structural formula for $\text{HOCl}$ molecule is shown in figure 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 36E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of one sulfurs atom and two oxygen atoms. The number of valence electron in each sulfur atom is six. The number of valence electron in each oxygen atom is six. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is calculated as shown below.

$\begin{array}{rll}\text{Total}\text{number}\text{of}\text{valence}\text{electron}& =& \left(6+\left(2\times 6\right)\right){\text{e}}^{-}\\ & =& \left(6+12\right){\text{e}}^{-}\\ & =& 18{\text{e}}^{-}\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electron pair is nine $\left(18/2=9\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 3

Out of nine electron pairs, only four electron pairs are involved in bonding. Therefore, there is five lone pair. The structural formula for ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 4

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 3.

The structural formula for ${\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 36E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of one carbon atom and two sulfur atoms. The number of valence electron in each carbon atom is four. The number of valence electron in each sulfur atom is six. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is calculated as shown below.

$\begin{array}{rll}\text{Total}\text{number}\text{of}\text{valence}\text{electron}& =& \left(4+\left(2\times 6\right)\right){\text{e}}^{-}\\ & =& \left(4+12\right){\text{e}}^{-}\\ & =& 16{\text{e}}^{-}\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electron pair is eight $\left(16/2=8\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 5

Out of eight electron pairs, four electron pairs are involved in bonding. Therefore, there is four lone pair. The structural formula for ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 6

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 5.

The structural formula for ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 36E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of two carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms. The number of valence electron in each carbon atom is four. The number of valence electron in each hydrogen atom is one. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is calculated as shown below.

$\begin{array}{rll}\text{Total}\text{number}\text{of}\text{valence}\text{electron}& =& \left(\left(2\times 4\right)+\left(2\times 1\right)\right){\text{e}}^{-}\\ & =& \left(8+2\right){\text{e}}^{-}\\ & =& 10{\text{e}}^{-}\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electron pair is five $\left(10/2=5\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 7

All electron pair is involved in bonding. Therefore, there is no lone pair. The structural formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 8

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 7.

The structural formula for ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 8.