(a) Interpretation: The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Li + is to be stated. Concept introduction: Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating their general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 21E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Li+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating their general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Al3+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Ca2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Mg2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

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AG/F-2° V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: -0.93 +0.38 -0.50 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3 Acidic solution Basic solution -0.28 -0.50 3--1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH P 0.0 -0.5 -1.0- -1.5- -2.0 H.PO, -2.3+ -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 2 H,PO, b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) H,PO 4 S Oxidation stale, N

4. For the following complexes, draw the structures and give a d-electron count of the metal: a) Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III) b) Hexabromoplatinate(2-) c) Potassium diamminetetrabromocobaltate(III) (6 points)

2. Calculate the overall formation constant for [Fe(CN)6]³, given that the overall formation constant for [Fe(CN)6] 4 is ~1032, and that: Fe3+ (aq) + e = Fe²+ (aq) E° = +0.77 V [Fe(CN)6]³ (aq) + e¯ = [Fe(CN)6] (aq) E° = +0.36 V (4 points)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 21E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Li+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating their general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Al3+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Ca2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Mg2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 21E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Li+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating their general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Al3+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Ca2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Mg2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 21E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Li+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating their general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Al3+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Ca2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Mg2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 21E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Li+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating their general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Al3+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Ca2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Mg2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 21E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Li+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating their general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 21E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Li+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating their general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Al3+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Al3+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Ca2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Ca2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Mg2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The noble gas having identical configuration to cation Mg2+ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Isoelectronic elements are those elements which are having the exactly same number of electrons. Isoelectronic species can also be expressed in terms of electronic configuration by equating there general electronic configuration of the outermost shell.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CE Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CE Ch. 12 - Prob. 3CE Ch. 12 - Prob. 4CE Ch. 12 - Prob. 5CE Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CE Ch. 12 - Prob. 7CE Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CE Ch. 12 - Prob. 9CE Ch. 12 - Prob. 10CE

Solution Summary: The author explains the isoelectronic noble gas having identical configuration to cation Li+.

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