Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The following ball and stick model should be converted to skeletal or condensed formula and the
Concept Introduction:
Ball and stick model of molecule is determined by X-ray crystallography, in which the hydrogen atoms are depicted as white balls, carbon atoms as black balls and oxygen atom as red balls.
Organic molecules have some structural features in addition to
Table given below gives information about some common functional groups:
Type of Compound | General Structure |
![]() | |
![]() | |
![]() | |
Ester | ![]() |
Amide | ![]() |
Alcohol | ![]() |
![]() | |
![]() | |
Ether | ![]() |
Here, R = any carbon backbone
(b)
Interpretation:
The following ball and stick model should be converted to skeletal or condensed formula and the functional groups present in the compound should be recognized:
Concept Introduction:
Ball and stick model of molecule is determined by X-ray crystallography, in which the hydrogen atoms are depicted as white balls, carbon atoms as black balls and oxygen atom as red balls.
Organic molecules have some structural features in addition to
Table given below gives information about some common functional groups:
Type of Compound | General Structure |
Aldehyde | ![]() |
Ketone | ![]() |
Carboxylic acid | ![]() |
Ester | ![]() |
Amide | ![]() |
Alcohol | ![]() |
Amine | ![]() |
Alkene | ![]() |
Here, R = any carbon backbone

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Chapter 11 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM-ACCES
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