Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The labelled bond angles needs to be determined in the given compound 'Halothane' a general anesthetic.
Concept Introduction:
Bond angles can be determined by VSEPR theory based on hybridization but not accurately for certain oxides, metallic compounds and gaseous salts. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.
The following table should be used while determining the shapes:
Number of groups | Number of lone pairs | Shape | Bond angle | |
2 | 2 | 0 | Linear | |
3 | 3 | 0 | Trigonal planar | |
4 | 4 | 0 | Tetrahedral | |
4 | 3 | 1 | Trigonal pyramidal | |
4 | 2 | 2 | Bent |
(b)
Interpretation:
The labelled bond angles needs to be determined in the given compound 'Propene' a petroleum product.
Concept Introduction:
Bond angles can be determined by VSEPR theory based on hybridization but not accurately for certain oxides, metallic compounds and gaseous salts Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.
The following table should be used while determining the shapes:
Number of groups | Number of atoms | Number of lone pairs | Shape | Bond angle |
2 | 2 | 0 | Linear | |
3 | 3 | 0 | Trigonal planar | |
4 | 4 | 0 | Tetrahedral | |
4 | 3 | 1 | Trigonal pyramidal | |
4 | 2 | 2 | Bent |
(c)
Interpretation:
The labelled bond angles needs to be determined in the given compound 'Phenol' a petroleum product.
Concept Introduction:
Bond angles can be determined by VSEPR theory based on hybridization but not accurately for certain oxides, metallic compounds and gaseous salts. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.
The following table should be used while determining the shapes:
Number of groups | Number of atoms | Number of lone pairs | Shape | Bond angle |
2 | 2 | 0 | Linear | |
3 | 3 | 0 | Trigonal planar | |
4 | 4 | 0 | Tetrahedral | |
4 | 3 | 1 | Trigonal pyramidal | |
4 | 2 | 2 | Bent |
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Chapter 11 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM-ACCES
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- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
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