Chapter 11.2, Problem 17SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the balance of chemical reactions.

Concept Introduction: The type of chemical reaction in which the count of atoms will be identical on both sides of the reaction is named a balanced chemical reaction.

Answer to Problem 17SP

The balanced complete reaction will be ${\text{3KOH + H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\to {\text{ K}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{ + 3H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

The complete chemical reaction is:

  ${\text{KOH + H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\to {\text{ K}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{ + H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

In the above reaction, on the reactant side, we have 1 potassium atom, 1 hydroxide atom, 3 hydrogen atoms, and 1 phosphate molecule while on the product side we have 3 potassium atoms, 1 phosphate molecule, and 1 water molecule.

If multiply 3 by KOH on the reactant side and 3 to ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ in the product side, we get a balanced chemical equation:

  ${\text{3KOH + H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\to {\text{ K}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{ + 3H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the balance of chemical reactions.

Concept Introduction: The type of chemical reaction in which the count of atoms will be identical on both sides of the reaction is named as a balanced chemical reaction

Answer to Problem 17SP

The balanced complete reaction will be ${\text{AgNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{+NaCl}\to {\text{ AgCl + NaNO}}_{\text{3}}$

Explanation of Solution

The complete chemical reaction is:

  ${\text{AgNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{+NaCl}\to {\text{ AgCl + NaNO}}_{\text{3}}$

In the above reaction, there are 1 silver atom, 1 nitrate molecule, 1 sodium atom, and 1 chlorine atom present on the reactant side while on the product side 1 silver atom, 1 chlorine atom, 1 sodium atom, and 1 nitrate atom.

In this reaction, the number of all atoms and molecules are same. So, a balanced chemical equation will be the same as a given reaction.

  ${\text{AgNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{+NaCl}\to {\text{ AgCl + NaNO}}_{\text{3}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the balance of chemical reactions.

Concept Introduction: The type of chemical reaction in which the count of atoms will be identical on both sides of the reaction is named as a balanced chemical reaction.

Answer to Problem 17SP

  ${\text{2H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\text{+ 3Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{ Ca}}_{\text{3}}{\left(\text{PO4}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{+ 6H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

The complete chemical reaction is:

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\text{+ Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{ Ca}}_{\text{3}}{\left(\text{PO4}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

In the above reaction, on the reactant side 3 hydrogen atoms, 1 phosphate molecule, 1 calcium atom, and 2 hydroxide molecules are present while on the product side we have 3 calcium atoms, 2 phosphate molecules, and 1 water molecule present. Multiply ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}$ by 2, $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ by 3, and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ by 6. The balanced reaction is as follows:

  ${\text{2H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\text{+ 3Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{ Ca}}_{\text{3}}{\left(\text{PO4}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{+ 6H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the balance of chemical reactions.

Concept Introduction: The type of chemical reaction in which the count of atoms will be identical on both sides of the reaction is named as a balanced chemical reaction

Answer to Problem 17SP

The balanced complete reaction will be $\text{2KI + Pb}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{PbI}}_{\text{2}}{\text{ + KNO}}_{\text{3}}$

Explanation of Solution

The complete chemical reaction is:

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\text{+ Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{ Ca}}_{\text{3}}{\left(\text{PO4}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

  $\text{KI + Pb}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{PbI}}_{\text{2}}{\text{ + KNO}}_{\text{3}}$

In the above reaction, the reactant 1 potassium atom, 1 iodine atom, 1 lead atom, and 2 nitrate molecules are present while on the product side we have 1 lead atom, 2 iodine atoms, 1 potassium atom, and 1 nitrate atom.

If multiply 2 by KI on the reactant side and 2 by ${\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}$ in product side, the balanced chemical equation as:

  $\text{2KI + Pb}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{PbI}}_{\text{2}}{\text{ + KNO}}_{\text{3}}$

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the balance of chemical reactions.

Concept Introduction: The type of chemical reaction in which the count of atoms will be identical on both sides of the reaction is named as a balanced chemical reaction

Answer to Problem 17SP

The balanced complete reaction will be $\text{2Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}{\text{+ 3H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{{\text{(SO}}_{\text{4}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{+ 6H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

The complete chemical reaction is:

  $\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{{\text{(SO}}_{\text{4}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

In the above reaction, on the reactant side 1 aluminum atom, 3 hydroxide molecules, 2 hydrogen atoms, and 1 sulfate molecule are present while on the product side 2 aluminum atoms, 3 sulfate molecules, and water molecules are present.

If we multiply 2 to $\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}$ and 3 to ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ on the reactant side and 6 to ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ on the product side, we get a balanced chemical equation:

  $\text{2Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}{\text{+ 3H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{{\text{(SO}}_{\text{4}}\text{)}}_{\text{3}}{\text{+ 6H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$