
(a)
Interpretation:
Salt water needs to be classified as an element, compound, homogeneous, heterogeneous mixture, or substance.
Concept Introduction:
A mixture consists of different chemical substances that are not
(a)

Answer to Problem 68A
Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture.
Explanation of Solution
Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture as the composition remains uniform throughout the solution. The salt does not form any layer when mixed in the water.
(b)
Interpretation:
Sodium chloride needs to be classified as an element, compound, homogeneous, heterogeneous mixture, or substance.
Concept Introduction:
A mixture consists of different chemical substances that are not chemically bonded. A mixture can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
(b)

Answer to Problem 68A
Sodium chloride is a compound.
Explanation of Solution
A compound is a mixture of two or more elements present in fixed ratios. Sodium chloride is also a compound as it is made up of two elements that are sodium and chlorine in a 1:1 ratio.
(c)
Interpretation:
Air needs to be classified as an element, compound, homogeneous, heterogeneous mixture, or substance.
Concept Introduction:
A mixture consists of different chemical substances that are not chemically bonded. A mixture can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture is one in which the composition remains uniform throughout the mixture whereas, a heterogeneous mixture is one in which the composition is not uniform.
(c)

Answer to Problem 68A
Air is a homogeneous mixture.
Explanation of Solution
Air consists of different gases that are not chemically bonded and the composition is uniform throughout. Therefore, the air is a homogeneous mixture.
(d)
Interpretation:
Salt and sand need to be classified as an element, compound, homogeneous, heterogeneous mixture, or substance.
Concept Introduction:
A mixture consists of different chemical substances that are not chemically bonded. A mixture can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture is one in which the composition remains uniform throughout the mixture whereas, a heterogeneous mixture is one in which the composition is not uniform.
(d)

Answer to Problem 68A
Salt and sand are heterogeneous mixtures.
Explanation of Solution
Salt and salt are different substances and when mixed their composition does not remain constant throughout the mixture. Hence, salt and sand form a heterogeneous mixture.
(e)
Interpretation:
Gold needs to be classified as an element, compound, homogeneous, heterogeneous mixture, or substance.
Concept Introduction:
A mixture consists of different chemical substances that are not chemically bonded. A mixture can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. An element is a substance that is made up of only one type of atom.
(e)

Answer to Problem 68A
Gold is an element.
Explanation of Solution
Gold is an element because it is composed of only one type of atom, which is gold.
(f)
Interpretation:
Water with ice needs to be classified as an element, compound, homogeneous, heterogeneous mixture, or substance.
Concept Introduction:
A mixture consists of different chemical substances that are not chemically bonded. A mixture can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture is one in which the composition remains uniform throughout the mixture whereas, a heterogeneous mixture is one in which the composition is not uniform.
(f)

Answer to Problem 68A
Ice with water is a heterogeneous mixture.
Explanation of Solution
Ice is a solid state of water; when ice is added to water, it forms a heterogeneous mixture as the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry 2012 Student Edition (hard Cover) Grade 11
- Explain what is the maximum absorbance of in which caffeine absorbs?arrow_forwardExplain reasons as to why the amount of caffeine extracted from both a singular extraction (5ml Mountain Dew) and a multiple extraction (2 x 5.0ml Mountain Dew) were severely high when compared to coca-cola?arrow_forwardProtecting Groups and Carbonyls 6) The synthesis generates allethrolone that exhibits high insect toxicity but low mammalian toxicity. They are used in pet shampoo, human lice shampoo, and industrial sprays for insects and mosquitos. Propose detailed mechanistic steps to generate the allethrolone label the different types of reagents (Grignard, acid/base protonation, acid/base deprotonation, reduction, oxidation, witting, aldol condensation, Robinson annulation, etc.) III + VI HS HS H+ CH,CH,Li III I II IV CI + P(Ph)3 V ༼ Hint: no strong base added VI S VII IX HO VIII -MgBr HgCl2,HgO HO. isomerization aqeuous solution H,SO, ༽༽༤༽༽ X MeOH Hint: enhances selectivity for reaction at the S X ☑arrow_forward
- Draw the complete mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of this alkene. esc 田 Explanation Check 1 888 Q A slock Add/Remove step Q F4 F5 F6 A བྲA F7 $ % 5 @ 4 2 3 & 6 87 Click and drag to start drawing a structure. © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Ce W E R T Y U S D LL G H IK DD 요 F8 F9 F10 F1 * ( 8 9 0 O P J K L Z X C V B N M H He commandarrow_forwardExplanation Check F1 H₂O H₂ Pd 1) MCPBA 2) H3O+ 1) Hg(OAc)2, H₂O 2) NaBH4 OH CI OH OH OH hydration halohydrin formation addition halogenation hydrogenation inhalation hydrogenation hydration ☐ halohydrin formation addition halogenation formation chelation hydrogenation halohydrin formation substitution hydration halogenation addition Ohalohydrin formation subtraction halogenation addition hydrogenation hydration F2 80 F3 σ F4 F5 F6 1 ! 2 # 3 $ 4 % 05 Q W & Å © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. F7 F8 ( 6 7 8 9 LU E R T Y U A F9arrow_forwardShow the mechanism steps to obtain the lowerenergy intermediate: *see imagearrow_forward
- Soap is made by the previous reaction *see image. The main difference between one soap and another soap isthe length (number of carbons) of the carboxylic acid. However, if a soap irritates your skin, they mostlikely used too much lye.Detergents have the same chemical structure as soaps except for the functional group. Detergentshave sulfate (R-SO4H) and phosphate (R-PO4H2) functional groups. Draw the above carboxylic acidcarbon chain but as the two variants of detergents. *see imagearrow_forwardWhat are the reactions or reagents used? *see imagearrow_forwardWhat are the reactions or reagents used? *see imagearrow_forward
- Provide the mechanism for this transformation: *see imagearrow_forwardAssign all the signals individually (please assign the red, green and blue)arrow_forwardThe two pKa values of oxalic acid are 1.25 and 3.81. Why are they not the same value? Show the protontransfer as part of your explanation. *see imagearrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





