Organic Chemistry, Binder Ready Version
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781118454312
Author: David R. Klein
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 1.10, Problem 27ATS
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The geometry for carbocations and carbanions has to be predicted
Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.
The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.
σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.
Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.
The geometry of the atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.
If the steric number is 4, the atom or ion has sp3 hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.
If the steric number is 3, the atom or ion has sp2 hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.
If the steric number is 2, the atom or ion has sp hybridization and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.
To find: Comparing the structures of carbocation and carbanion and assigning the correct geometry to each ion
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Using the conditions of spontaneity to deduce the signs of AH and AS
Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy
AS.
Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option.
reaction
observations
conclusions
A
This reaction is always spontaneous, but
proceeds slower at temperatures above
120. °C.
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
AS is
(pick one)
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
B
This reaction is spontaneous except above
117. °C.
AS is
(pick one)
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
This reaction is slower below 20. °C than
C
above.
AS is
|(pick one)
?
18
Ar
1
Calculating the pH at equivalence of a titration
Try Again
Your answer is incorrect.
0/5
a
A chemist titrates 70.0 mL of a 0.7089 M hydrocyanic acid (HCN) solution with 0.4574M KOH solution at 25 °C. Calculate the pH at equivalence. The pK of
hydrocyanic acid is 9.21.
Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Note for advanced students: you may assume the total volume of the solution equals the initial volume plus the volume of KOH solution added.
pH
=
11.43]
G
00.
18
Ar
B•
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic Chemistry, Binder Ready Version
Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1LTSCh. 1.2 - Prob. 1PTSCh. 1.2 - Prob. 2ATSCh. 1.2 - Prob. 3ATSCh. 1.2 - Prob. 4ATSCh. 1.3 - Prob. 2LTSCh. 1.3 - Prob. 5PTSCh. 1.3 - Prob. 6ATSCh. 1.3 - Prob. 7ATSCh. 1.3 - Prob. 8ATS
Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 9ATSCh. 1.3 - Prob. 3LTSCh. 1.3 - Prob. 10PTSCh. 1.3 - Prob. 11ATSCh. 1.3 - Prob. 12ATSCh. 1.4 - Prob. 4LTSCh. 1.4 - Prob. 13PTSCh. 1.4 - Prob. 14ATSCh. 1.5 - Prob. 5LTSCh. 1.5 - Prob. 15PTSCh. 1.5 - Prob. 16ATSCh. 1.6 - Prob. 6LTSCh. 1.6 - Prob. 17PTSCh. 1.6 - Prob. 18ATSCh. 1.9 - Prob. 19CCCh. 1.9 - Prob. 20CCCh. 1.9 - Prob. 21CCCh. 1.9 - Prob. 7LTSCh. 1.9 - Prob. 22PTSCh. 1.9 - Prob. 23ATSCh. 1.9 - Prob. 24CCCh. 1.10 - Prob. 8LTSCh. 1.10 - Prob. 25PTSCh. 1.10 - Prob. 26PTSCh. 1.10 - Prob. 27ATSCh. 1.10 - Prob. 28ATSCh. 1.11 - Prob. 9LTSCh. 1.11 - Prob. 29PTSCh. 1.11 - Prob. 30ATSCh. 1.11 - Prob. 31ATSCh. 1.12 - Prob. 10LTSCh. 1.12 - Prob. 32PTSCh. 1.12 - Prob. 33ATSCh. 1 - Prob. 34PPCh. 1 - Prob. 35PPCh. 1 - Prob. 36PPCh. 1 - Prob. 37PPCh. 1 - Prob. 38PPCh. 1 - Prob. 39PPCh. 1 - Prob. 40PPCh. 1 - Prob. 41PPCh. 1 - Prob. 42PPCh. 1 - Prob. 43PPCh. 1 - Prob. 44PPCh. 1 - Prob. 45PPCh. 1 - Prob. 46PPCh. 1 - Prob. 47PPCh. 1 - Prob. 48PPCh. 1 - Prob. 49PPCh. 1 - Prob. 50PPCh. 1 - Prob. 51PPCh. 1 - Prob. 52PPCh. 1 - Prob. 53PPCh. 1 - Prob. 54PPCh. 1 - Prob. 55PPCh. 1 - Prob. 56PPCh. 1 - Prob. 57PPCh. 1 - Prob. 58PPCh. 1 - Prob. 59PPCh. 1 - Prob. 60PPCh. 1 - Prob. 61PPCh. 1 - Prob. 62PPCh. 1 - Prob. 63IPCh. 1 - Prob. 67IPCh. 1 - Prob. 68IPCh. 1 - Prob. 69IPCh. 1 - Prob. 70CPCh. 1 - Prob. 71CPCh. 1 - Prob. 72CPCh. 1 - Prob. 73CPCh. 1 - Prob. 74CPCh. 1 - Prob. 75CPCh. 1 - Prob. 76CPCh. 1 - Prob. 77CP
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