To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2. Concept introduction: Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known. To identify: To identify whether the two given compounds possess any formal charge.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 74CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

To identify: To identify whether the two given compounds possess any formal charge.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbitals mix together to form a hybrid orbital which is suitable for forming bonds between the atoms to form a compound. This mixing of hybrid orbitals is known as hybridization. The hybridization determines the geometry of the particular atom in the compound. Shortly to say

sp3hybridized =tetrahedral

trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

sp2hybridized =trigonal planar

sp hybridized =linear

Each and every hybridized orbital has its own bond angle,

sp3hybridized = 109.5°

sp2hybridized = 120°

sp hybridized = 180°

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 74CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

To identify: To identify whether the two given compounds possess any formal charge.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbitals mix together to form a hybrid orbital which is suitable for forming bonds between the atoms to form a compound. This mixing of hybrid orbitals is known as hybridization. The hybridization determines the geometry of the particular atom in the compound. Shortly to say

sp3hybridized =tetrahedral

trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

sp2hybridized =trigonal planar

sp hybridized =linear

Each and every hybridized orbital has its own bond angle,

sp3hybridized = 109.5°

sp2hybridized = 120°

sp hybridized = 180°

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 74CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

To identify: To identify whether the two given compounds possess any formal charge.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbitals mix together to form a hybrid orbital which is suitable for forming bonds between the atoms to form a compound. This mixing of hybrid orbitals is known as hybridization. The hybridization determines the geometry of the particular atom in the compound. Shortly to say

sp3hybridized =tetrahedral

trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

sp2hybridized =trigonal planar

sp hybridized =linear

Each and every hybridized orbital has its own bond angle,

sp3hybridized = 109.5°

sp2hybridized = 120°

sp hybridized = 180°

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 74CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

To identify: To identify whether the two given compounds possess any formal charge.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbitals mix together to form a hybrid orbital which is suitable for forming bonds between the atoms to form a compound. This mixing of hybrid orbitals is known as hybridization. The hybridization determines the geometry of the particular atom in the compound. Shortly to say

sp3hybridized =tetrahedral

trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

sp2hybridized =trigonal planar

sp hybridized =linear

Each and every hybridized orbital has its own bond angle,

sp3hybridized = 109.5°

sp2hybridized = 120°

sp hybridized = 180°

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 74CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

To identify: To identify whether the two given compounds possess any formal charge.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbitals mix together to form a hybrid orbital which is suitable for forming bonds between the atoms to form a compound. This mixing of hybrid orbitals is known as hybridization. The hybridization determines the geometry of the particular atom in the compound. Shortly to say

sp3hybridized =tetrahedral

trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

sp2hybridized =trigonal planar

sp hybridized =linear

Each and every hybridized orbital has its own bond angle,

sp3hybridized = 109.5°

sp2hybridized = 120°

sp hybridized = 180°

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 74CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

To identify: To identify whether the two given compounds possess any formal charge.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 74CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

To identify: To identify whether the two given compounds possess any formal charge.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

Formal charge on a atom is the charge that is associated with the atom that does not have appropriate number of valence electrons. To find the formal charge on an atom in a compound the total number of valence electrons of the atom must be known.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbitals mix together to form a hybrid orbital which is suitable for forming bonds between the atoms to form a compound. This mixing of hybrid orbitals is known as hybridization. The hybridization determines the geometry of the particular atom in the compound. Shortly to say

sp3hybridized =tetrahedral

trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

sp2hybridized =trigonal planar

sp hybridized =linear

Each and every hybridized orbital has its own bond angle,

sp3hybridized = 109.5°

sp2hybridized = 120°

sp hybridized = 180°

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To identify the formal charges that are missing from structure 1 and 2. To determine which of the two compound will be more soluble in polar solvent. To determine the amount of increase in bond angle C-C-N when 1 is converted to 2.

Concept introduction:

The atomic orbitals mix together to form a hybrid orbital which is suitable for forming bonds between the atoms to form a compound. This mixing of hybrid orbitals is known as hybridization. The hybridization determines the geometry of the particular atom in the compound. Shortly to say

sp3hybridized =tetrahedral

trigonal pyramidal(if one lone pair of electron is present)

bent geometry (if two lone pair of electrons are present)

sp2hybridized =trigonal planar

sp hybridized =linear

Each and every hybridized orbital has its own bond angle,

sp3hybridized = 109.5°

sp2hybridized = 120°

sp hybridized = 180°

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 3ATS Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 7ATS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 8ATS

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