The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds. Concept Introduction : According to VSEPR ( Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion ) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule. The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule. σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved. Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs. The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space. If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp 3 hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral. If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp 2 hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar. If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear. To find: The geometry for the central nitrogen atom in NH 3

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1.10, Problem 25PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central nitrogen atom in NH₃

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central oxygen atom in H₃O⁺

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BH₄⁻

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₃

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₄⁻

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CCl₄

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CHCl₃

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CH₂Cl₂

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1.10, Problem 25PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central nitrogen atom in NH₃

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central oxygen atom in H₃O⁺

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BH₄⁻

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₃

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₄⁻

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CCl₄

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CHCl₃

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CH₂Cl₂

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1.10, Problem 25PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central nitrogen atom in NH₃

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central oxygen atom in H₃O⁺

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BH₄⁻

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₃

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₄⁻

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CCl₄

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CHCl₃

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CH₂Cl₂

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1.10, Problem 25PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central nitrogen atom in NH₃

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central oxygen atom in H₃O⁺

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BH₄⁻

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₃

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₄⁻

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CCl₄

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CHCl₃

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CH₂Cl₂

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 1.10, Problem 25PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central nitrogen atom in NH₃

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central oxygen atom in H₃O⁺

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BH₄⁻

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₃

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₄⁻

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CCl₄

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CHCl₃

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CH₂Cl₂

Answer 6

Chapter 1.10, Problem 25PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central nitrogen atom in NH₃

Answer 7

Chapter 1.10, Problem 25PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central nitrogen atom in NH₃

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central oxygen atom in H₃O⁺

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central oxygen atom in H₃O⁺

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BH₄⁻

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BH₄⁻

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₃

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₃

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₄⁻

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central boron atom in BCl₄⁻

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CCl₄

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CCl₄

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CHCl₃

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CHCl₃

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CH₂Cl₂

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The geometry of the central atoms has to be predicted for the given set of compounds.

Concept Introduction: According to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, each molecule gets a unique structure. That structure is explained by considering steric number of that molecule.

The steric number is the combination of both number of σ-bonds and number of lone pairs involved in a particular molecule.

σ-bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the two atoms. As a result, bond between two atoms is formed. This type of bond is called covalent bond. In this process, bonding electron pairs are involved.

Non-bonding electrons are not involved in the bond formation. They are called lone pairs.

The geometry of the central atom will be determined by counting the steric number followed by the hybridization state of that central atom and finally electronic arrangement of atoms in space.

If the steric number is 4, the central atom has sp³ hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be tetrahedral.

If the steric number is 3, the central atom has sp² hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be trigonal planar.

If the steric number is 2, the central atom has sp hybridized and the electronic arrangement of atoms in space (i.e. geometry) will be linear.

To find: The geometry for the central carbon atom in CH₂Cl₂

Answer 22

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Answer 23

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Answer 24

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Answer 25

Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2ATS Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 3ATS Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 7ATS Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 8ATS

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Chapter 1 Solutions