Chapter 10, Problem 12P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

Whether the mistake occurs in first few rounds or last few rounds if an artifactual double peak appears in the sequence trace.

Introduction:

There are three steps involved in PCR. These are denaturation, annealing, and elongation. Denaturation involves the separation of double-strands into single strand template. Annealing involves the attachment of primers to the template DNA. The elongation involves the amplification of a new DNA strand on the template strand.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

Whether there is a possibility of mistake appearance in the first few rounds of PCR amplification or the last few rounds.

Introduction:

Polymerase Chain Reaction refers to a method used to produce multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence. The DNA sequences are exponentially amplified. PCR helps in the production of thousands to millions of copies of that particular DNA segment.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

The ways by which one can be sure about a person’s genotype along with the reason that the degree of certainty is difficult to achieve during preimplantation genotyping of embryos.

Introduction:

Genotyping is the process of examining differences in the genetic makeup of an individual. This can be done by analyzing the DNA sequence of an individual by using biological assays.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The reason due to which scientists use DNA polymerase from a different thermophilic bacterium which contains the exonuclease function.

Introduction:

DNA polymerase is an indispensable enzyme that helps in the synthesis of DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides. This enzyme is essential for DNA replication. DNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of nucleotides on the existing DNA strands.