Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.80PAE
The recycling of
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Read the descriptions of physical or chemical changes in the table below. Then decide whether the change will be spontaneous, if you can.
Change
During an exothermic chemical reaction, a solid is consumed and a gas
produced.
An endothermic chemical reaction between two liquids results in gaseous
products.
A gas expands without absorbing or releasing heat.
ооо
OOO
Is this change spontaneous?
Yes.
No.
Can't decide with information given.
Yes.
No.
Can't decide with information given.
Yes.
No.
Can't decide with information given.
X
5
provide an explanation for why the first law of thermodynamics is important in every chemical reaction
Carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide gases combine to form carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases according to the following balanced chemical equation:
2 CO (g) + 2NO(g) → 2 CO₂ (g) + N₂ (g)
AG° rxn
NO: 0.01440 atm
CO₂: 2.439 atm
N₂: 2.137 atm
= -689.6 kJ
What will be the Gibbs free energy change (AGxn) in kJ if the reaction occurs at 28.86 °C? (4 sf)
The partial pressures of the gases are:
CO: 0.02798 atm
mo
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1COCh. 10 - . explain the concept of entropy in your own...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3COCh. 10 - . state the second law of thermodynamics in words...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5COCh. 10 - Prob. 6COCh. 10 - Prob. 7COCh. 10 - Prob. 8COCh. 10 - Prob. 9COCh. 10 - Prob. 10CO
Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.1PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.2PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.3PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.4PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.5PAECh. 10 - Use the web to learn how many pounds of plastics...Ch. 10 - On the basis of your experience, predict which of...Ch. 10 - In the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous...Ch. 10 - 1f the combustion of butane is spontaneous, how...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Athletic trainers use instant ice packs that can...Ch. 10 - Are any of the following exothermic processes not...Ch. 10 - Enthalpy changes often help predict whether or not...Ch. 10 - When a fossil fuel burns, is that fossil fuel the...Ch. 10 - Murphy's law is a whimsical rule that says that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.17PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.18PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.19PAECh. 10 - Some games include dice with more than six sides....Ch. 10 - How does probability relate to spontaneity?Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.22PAECh. 10 - For each pair of items, tell which has the higher...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.24PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.25PAECh. 10 - For each process, tell whether the entropy change...Ch. 10 - Without doing a calculation, predict whether the...Ch. 10 - For the following chemical reactions, predict the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.29PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.30PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.31PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.32PAECh. 10 - According to Lambert, leaves lying in the yard and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.34PAECh. 10 - What happens to the entropy of the universe during...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.36PAECh. 10 - One statement of the second law of thermodynamics...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.38PAECh. 10 - How does the second law of thermodynamics explain...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.40PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.41PAECh. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Methanol is burned as fuel in some race cars. This...Ch. 10 - Limestone is predominantly CaCO3, which can...Ch. 10 - Suppose that you find out that a system has an...Ch. 10 - Use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.48PAECh. 10 - Calculate S for the dissolution of magnesium...Ch. 10 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 10 - Through photosynthesis, plants build molecules of...Ch. 10 - Find websites describing two different attempts to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.53PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.54PAECh. 10 - A beaker of water at 400 C(on the left in the...Ch. 10 - Describe why it is easier to use Gto determine the...Ch. 10 - Under what conditions does G allow us to predict...Ch. 10 - There is another free energy state function, the...Ch. 10 - 10.45 Calculate G at 45°C for reactions for which...Ch. 10 - 10.46 Discuss the effect of temperature change on...Ch. 10 - The reaction CO2(g)+H2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g) is not...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.62PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.63PAECh. 10 - For the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use...Ch. 10 - 10.51 The combustion of acetylene was used in...Ch. 10 - Natural gas (methane) is being used in...Ch. 10 - Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to...Ch. 10 - Explain why Gf of O2 (g) is zero.Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Calculate G for the dissolution of both sodium...Ch. 10 - Phosphorus exists in multiple solid phases,...Ch. 10 - 10.59 The normal melting point of benzene, C6H6,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.74PAECh. 10 - Estimate the temperature range over which each of...Ch. 10 - Recall that incomplete combustion of fossil fuels...Ch. 10 - During polymerization, the system usually becomes...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.78PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.79PAECh. 10 - The recycling of polymers represents only one...Ch. 10 - Diethyl ether is a liquid at normal temperature...Ch. 10 - Calculate the entropy change, S , for the...Ch. 10 - Gallium metal has a melting point of 29.8°C. Use...Ch. 10 - Methane can be produced from CO and H2.The process...Ch. 10 - 10.85 Iodine is not very soluble in water, but it...Ch. 10 - The enthalpy of vaporization for water is 40.65 kJ...Ch. 10 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 10 - Nickel metal reacts with carbon monoxide to form...Ch. 10 - Polyethylene has a heat capacity of 2,3027 J g-1...Ch. 10 - A key component in many chemical engineering...Ch. 10 - The reaction shown below is involved in the...Ch. 10 - Using only the data given below, determine G for...Ch. 10 - The graph below shows G as a function of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.94PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.95PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.96PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.97PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.98PAECh. 10 - Thermodynamics provides a way to interpret...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.100PAECh. 10 - 10.101 Fluorine reacts with liquid water to form...Ch. 10 - 10.102 Ammonia can react with oxygen gas to form...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.103PAECh. 10 - 10.104 (a) When a chemical bond forms, what...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- For each situation described in Question 13, predict whether the entropy of the system increases or decreases.arrow_forwardOne statement of the second law of thermodynamics is that heat cannot be turned completely into work. Another is that the entropy of the universe always increases. How are these two statements related?arrow_forward9.20 State the first law of thermodynamics briefly in your own words.arrow_forward
- Define the term entropy, and give an example of a sample of matter that has zero entropy. What are the units of entropy? How do they differ from the units of enthalpy?arrow_forwardThe statement Energycan beneithercreatednor destroyedis sometimes used as an equivalent statement of the first law of thermodynamics. There areinaccuracies to the statement, however. Restate it tomake it less inaccurate.arrow_forwardFor each process, tell whether the entropy change of the system is positive or negative. Water vapor (the system) deposits as ice crystals on a cold windowpane. A can of carbonated beverage loses its fizz. (Consider the beverage but not the can as the system. What happens to the entropy of the dissolved gas?) A glassblower heats glass (the system) to its softening temperature.arrow_forward
- What is entropy? Why is entropy important?arrow_forwardExplain how entropy relates to building and breaking of large molecules.arrow_forwardRead the descriptions of physical or chemical changes in the table below. Then decide whether the change will be spontaneous, if you can. Change A chemical reaction between two liquids creates gaseous products. During an endothermic chemical reaction, four moles of gaseous reactants are turned into two moles of gaseous products. A solid substance dissolves in water, releasing heat as it does so. Is this change spontaneous? Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given. Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given. O Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given.arrow_forward
- Read the descriptions of physical or chemical changes in the table below. Then decide whether the change will be spontaneous, if you can. Change A solid absorbs heat and turns to a gas. During an exothermic chemical reaction, a solid is consumed and a gas produced. Is this change spontaneous? Yes. No. Can't decide with information given. ○ Yes. ○ No. Can't decide with information given. An endothermic chemical reaction between two liquids results in gaseous products. Yes. No. ○ Can't decide with information given.arrow_forward4. Write the equation for the First Law of Thermodynamics. And explain each variable.arrow_forwardRead the descriptions of physical or chemical changes in the table below. Then decide whether the change will be spontaneous, if you can. Change Is this change spontaneous? A gas expands, absorbing heat from its surroundings. Yes. No. Can't decide with information given. A solid absorbs heat and turns to a gas. Yes. No. Can't decide with information given. During an endothermic chemical reaction, four moles of gaseous reactants are turned into two moles of gaseous products. Yes. No. Can't decide with information given.arrow_forward
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