Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.32PAE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Write two examples of your own that illustrate the concept in the paragraphabove.
Concept introduction:
Entropy is an amount of the inaccessible energy in a closed
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Rank the elements or compounds in the table below in decreasing order of their boiling points. That is, choose 1 next to the substance with the highest
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LABORATORY-ACTIVITY-4 - Saved
目
LABORATORY ACTIVITY 4
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
I.
OVERVIEW
A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed and measured without changing
the identity and composition of the substance. Examples of physical properties are color,
melting point, and boiling point. Physical properties are very important because these help
chemists in identifying substances. For example, a clear, colorless liquid observed to boil at
100 and freeze at OE would definitely be water. Water undergoes physical change wherein
its physical appearance changes but its composition remains unchanged.
I.
ОВIЕСTIVES
1.
To be able to determine the physical properties of matter.
III.
MATERIALS
1 long liwanag candle (remove the tip and cut into 2-inch, 3-inch, and 4-inch long)
3 iron nails (1-inch, 2-inch, and 4-inch long)
Water
Clear straight glass (calibrate: 1mm = 1 mL)
Weighing scale
IV.
PROCEDURE
1.
Describe the hardness and color of the candle and iron nails.…
A pure sample of Substance S is put into an evacuated flask. The flask is then heated steadily and the temperature measured as time passes. The results are
graphed below, in the middle (in green).
Identical experiments are now run on Substance Y and Substance Z. Substance Y is just like S except that it has a higher heat capacity in the solid phase
Cs). Substance Z is just like S except that it has a lower heat capacity in the gaseous phase C,g).
Select the graphs below, on the left and right, that show the results you expect for these new experiments.
db
Substance Y
Substance Z
(higher C,(3))
Substance S
(lower C,(g)
(Drag the slider to
choose an image)
(Drag the slider to
choose an image)
orddad hest (lT/mnl
Explanation
Check
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temperature (°C
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1COCh. 10 - . explain the concept of entropy in your own...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3COCh. 10 - . state the second law of thermodynamics in words...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5COCh. 10 - Prob. 6COCh. 10 - Prob. 7COCh. 10 - Prob. 8COCh. 10 - Prob. 9COCh. 10 - Prob. 10CO
Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.1PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.2PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.3PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.4PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.5PAECh. 10 - Use the web to learn how many pounds of plastics...Ch. 10 - On the basis of your experience, predict which of...Ch. 10 - In the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous...Ch. 10 - 1f the combustion of butane is spontaneous, how...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Athletic trainers use instant ice packs that can...Ch. 10 - Are any of the following exothermic processes not...Ch. 10 - Enthalpy changes often help predict whether or not...Ch. 10 - When a fossil fuel burns, is that fossil fuel the...Ch. 10 - Murphy's law is a whimsical rule that says that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.17PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.18PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.19PAECh. 10 - Some games include dice with more than six sides....Ch. 10 - How does probability relate to spontaneity?Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.22PAECh. 10 - For each pair of items, tell which has the higher...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.24PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.25PAECh. 10 - For each process, tell whether the entropy change...Ch. 10 - Without doing a calculation, predict whether the...Ch. 10 - For the following chemical reactions, predict the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.29PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.30PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.31PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.32PAECh. 10 - According to Lambert, leaves lying in the yard and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.34PAECh. 10 - What happens to the entropy of the universe during...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.36PAECh. 10 - One statement of the second law of thermodynamics...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.38PAECh. 10 - How does the second law of thermodynamics explain...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.40PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.41PAECh. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Methanol is burned as fuel in some race cars. This...Ch. 10 - Limestone is predominantly CaCO3, which can...Ch. 10 - Suppose that you find out that a system has an...Ch. 10 - Use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.48PAECh. 10 - Calculate S for the dissolution of magnesium...Ch. 10 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 10 - Through photosynthesis, plants build molecules of...Ch. 10 - Find websites describing two different attempts to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.53PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.54PAECh. 10 - A beaker of water at 400 C(on the left in the...Ch. 10 - Describe why it is easier to use Gto determine the...Ch. 10 - Under what conditions does G allow us to predict...Ch. 10 - There is another free energy state function, the...Ch. 10 - 10.45 Calculate G at 45°C for reactions for which...Ch. 10 - 10.46 Discuss the effect of temperature change on...Ch. 10 - The reaction CO2(g)+H2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g) is not...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.62PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.63PAECh. 10 - For the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use...Ch. 10 - 10.51 The combustion of acetylene was used in...Ch. 10 - Natural gas (methane) is being used in...Ch. 10 - Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to...Ch. 10 - Explain why Gf of O2 (g) is zero.Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Calculate G for the dissolution of both sodium...Ch. 10 - Phosphorus exists in multiple solid phases,...Ch. 10 - 10.59 The normal melting point of benzene, C6H6,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.74PAECh. 10 - Estimate the temperature range over which each of...Ch. 10 - Recall that incomplete combustion of fossil fuels...Ch. 10 - During polymerization, the system usually becomes...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.78PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.79PAECh. 10 - The recycling of polymers represents only one...Ch. 10 - Diethyl ether is a liquid at normal temperature...Ch. 10 - Calculate the entropy change, S , for the...Ch. 10 - Gallium metal has a melting point of 29.8°C. Use...Ch. 10 - Methane can be produced from CO and H2.The process...Ch. 10 - 10.85 Iodine is not very soluble in water, but it...Ch. 10 - The enthalpy of vaporization for water is 40.65 kJ...Ch. 10 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 10 - Nickel metal reacts with carbon monoxide to form...Ch. 10 - Polyethylene has a heat capacity of 2,3027 J g-1...Ch. 10 - A key component in many chemical engineering...Ch. 10 - The reaction shown below is involved in the...Ch. 10 - Using only the data given below, determine G for...Ch. 10 - The graph below shows G as a function of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.94PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.95PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.96PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.97PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.98PAECh. 10 - Thermodynamics provides a way to interpret...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.100PAECh. 10 - 10.101 Fluorine reacts with liquid water to form...Ch. 10 - 10.102 Ammonia can react with oxygen gas to form...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.103PAECh. 10 - 10.104 (a) When a chemical bond forms, what...
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- Enthalpy and Entropy for Phase Changes Matter can change from one physical state (phase) to another without any change in chemical identity. Each change is characterized by a specific name, a AH (enthalpy) value, and a AS (entropy) value. The energy involved in phase changes and temperature changes can be calculated by using the following equations. For a phase change (with no change in temperature) heat = ΔΗ χη where AH is the enthalpy change for that transition and n is the number of moles of the substance. For a temperature change (with no change in phase) heat Cm X AT x n where Cm is the molar heat capacity, n is the number of moles, and AT is the temperature change in Part C Cm (ice) = 36.57 J/(mol. °C) Cm (water) = 75.40 J/(mol. °C) Cm (steam) = 36.04 J/(mol- °C) AHfus = +6.01 kJ/mol AHvap = +40.67 kJ/mol Express your answer with the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) · Calculate the amount of energy in kilojoules needed to change 135 g of water ice at -10 °C to steam at…arrow_forwardORT SHEET Heat of Neutralization EXPERIMENT elemsboomfchg lom 12 A. Heat Capacity of Calorimeter 1. Temp. of calorimeter and water before mixing 2. Temp. of warm water °C 22.0 39,0 30.3 3. Maximum temp. determined from your curve °C 4. Heat lost by warm water (temp decrease x °C 50.0 g x 4.184 J/K-g) = 02), 5. Heat gained by cooler water (temp. increase x 50.0 g x 4.184 J/K-g) = 30,3 22.0)x 13626J s0.0gmpi S0.0gy 6. Heat gained by the calorimeter [(4) – (5)] = 7. Heat capacity of calorimeter: heat gained by the calorimeter temperature increase J/K 3. Heat of Neutralization of HCl-NaOH 22.2 22.2. °C . Temp. of calorimeter and NaOH Temp. of HCI AT determined from your curve after adding HC1 °C to the NaOH Heat gained by solution (temperature increase x ON 100 g x 4.184 J/K-g) = 9977.8J %3D Heat gained by calorimeter (temperature increase x heat capacity of calorimeter) = J %3D Total joules released by reaction [(3) + (4)] = Tight O 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures and give the electron-region geometry, molecular geometry, and bond angles, and the hybridization of the central atom of these polyatomic ions and molecules. (a) BrF2+ (b) OCCl2 (c) CH3+ (d) SeCS (e) CH3arrow_forward
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