Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.29PAE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The way a leaf can be formed spontaneously in nature despite being from an exquisite order. Also, to identify the normal process that shows a leaf is only temporary.
Concept introduction:
Entropy is an amount of the inaccessible energy in a closed
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Substance
C₂Hg(g)
O₂(g)
CO₂(g)
H₂O(g)
The thermodynamic data calculated above for this reaction
C3Hg(g) + 5 O₂(g)
AH (kJ/mol)
-104.70
0.0
-393.51
-241.8
A,G=
AH-2043.0 kJ mol¹ and A,S 100.62 J K mol
3 CO₂(g) + 4H₂O(g)
kJ mol-1
Calculate A,G in kJ mol¹ if the reaction mixture is at 146°C. (You have 2 attempts until the answer will be given; you have already tried 0 times)
S (J/mol/K)
270.30
205.1
213.74
188.8
From the following data,
→CO
2(g)
AH°
k]
393. 5
CCgraphite) + 0,
2(g)
rxn
mol
H
2(g)
→ H 0
2(g)
AH°
kJ
285. 8
mol
2
rxn
+ 70,
20,H 6(g)
→4CO.
2(g)
2(g)
+ 6H,0
AH°
kJ
3119. 6
mol
-
rxn
Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction
20
(grpahite)
+ ЗН.
→ C_H
2(g)
2 6(g)
C (graphite) + 4HNO3() → CO2(g) + 4NO2(g) + 2H2O()
AH, J/mol)
-393.5
33.2
-285.8
-174.1
O -123.9 kJ
O - 472.1 kJ
O -201.9 kJ
O - 404.8 kJ
O -135.9 kJ
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1COCh. 10 - . explain the concept of entropy in your own...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3COCh. 10 - . state the second law of thermodynamics in words...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5COCh. 10 - Prob. 6COCh. 10 - Prob. 7COCh. 10 - Prob. 8COCh. 10 - Prob. 9COCh. 10 - Prob. 10CO
Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.1PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.2PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.3PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.4PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.5PAECh. 10 - Use the web to learn how many pounds of plastics...Ch. 10 - On the basis of your experience, predict which of...Ch. 10 - In the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous...Ch. 10 - 1f the combustion of butane is spontaneous, how...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Athletic trainers use instant ice packs that can...Ch. 10 - Are any of the following exothermic processes not...Ch. 10 - Enthalpy changes often help predict whether or not...Ch. 10 - When a fossil fuel burns, is that fossil fuel the...Ch. 10 - Murphy's law is a whimsical rule that says that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.17PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.18PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.19PAECh. 10 - Some games include dice with more than six sides....Ch. 10 - How does probability relate to spontaneity?Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.22PAECh. 10 - For each pair of items, tell which has the higher...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.24PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.25PAECh. 10 - For each process, tell whether the entropy change...Ch. 10 - Without doing a calculation, predict whether the...Ch. 10 - For the following chemical reactions, predict the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.29PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.30PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.31PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.32PAECh. 10 - According to Lambert, leaves lying in the yard and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.34PAECh. 10 - What happens to the entropy of the universe during...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.36PAECh. 10 - One statement of the second law of thermodynamics...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.38PAECh. 10 - How does the second law of thermodynamics explain...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.40PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.41PAECh. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Methanol is burned as fuel in some race cars. This...Ch. 10 - Limestone is predominantly CaCO3, which can...Ch. 10 - Suppose that you find out that a system has an...Ch. 10 - Use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.48PAECh. 10 - Calculate S for the dissolution of magnesium...Ch. 10 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 10 - Through photosynthesis, plants build molecules of...Ch. 10 - Find websites describing two different attempts to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.53PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.54PAECh. 10 - A beaker of water at 400 C(on the left in the...Ch. 10 - Describe why it is easier to use Gto determine the...Ch. 10 - Under what conditions does G allow us to predict...Ch. 10 - There is another free energy state function, the...Ch. 10 - 10.45 Calculate G at 45°C for reactions for which...Ch. 10 - 10.46 Discuss the effect of temperature change on...Ch. 10 - The reaction CO2(g)+H2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g) is not...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.62PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.63PAECh. 10 - For the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use...Ch. 10 - 10.51 The combustion of acetylene was used in...Ch. 10 - Natural gas (methane) is being used in...Ch. 10 - Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to...Ch. 10 - Explain why Gf of O2 (g) is zero.Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Calculate G for the dissolution of both sodium...Ch. 10 - Phosphorus exists in multiple solid phases,...Ch. 10 - 10.59 The normal melting point of benzene, C6H6,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.74PAECh. 10 - Estimate the temperature range over which each of...Ch. 10 - Recall that incomplete combustion of fossil fuels...Ch. 10 - During polymerization, the system usually becomes...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.78PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.79PAECh. 10 - The recycling of polymers represents only one...Ch. 10 - Diethyl ether is a liquid at normal temperature...Ch. 10 - Calculate the entropy change, S , for the...Ch. 10 - Gallium metal has a melting point of 29.8°C. Use...Ch. 10 - Methane can be produced from CO and H2.The process...Ch. 10 - 10.85 Iodine is not very soluble in water, but it...Ch. 10 - The enthalpy of vaporization for water is 40.65 kJ...Ch. 10 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 10 - Nickel metal reacts with carbon monoxide to form...Ch. 10 - Polyethylene has a heat capacity of 2,3027 J g-1...Ch. 10 - A key component in many chemical engineering...Ch. 10 - The reaction shown below is involved in the...Ch. 10 - Using only the data given below, determine G for...Ch. 10 - The graph below shows G as a function of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.94PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.95PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.96PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.97PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.98PAECh. 10 - Thermodynamics provides a way to interpret...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.100PAECh. 10 - 10.101 Fluorine reacts with liquid water to form...Ch. 10 - 10.102 Ammonia can react with oxygen gas to form...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.103PAECh. 10 - 10.104 (a) When a chemical bond forms, what...
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- During polymerization, the system usually becomes more ordered as monomers link together. Could an endothermic polymerization reaction ever occur spontaneously? Explain.arrow_forwardWhen most biological enzymes are heated, they lose their catalytic activity. This process is called denaturing. The change original enzyme new form that occurs on heating is endothermic and spontaneous. Is the structure of the original enzyme or its new form more ordered (has the smaller positional probability)? Explain.arrow_forwardDescribe why it is easier to use Gto determine the spontaneity of a process rather than S uarrow_forward
- 3) For the phase change Br2(1) → Br2 (g), AH°= +31.0 kJ/mol and AS°= +92.9 J/mol.K. Assuming that AH° and AS° are nearly temperature independent, calculate the approximate Celcius temperature at which Br2(1) will be in equilibrium with Br2(g) at 1 atm.arrow_forwardA student determines the value of the equilibrium constant to be 6.29×104 for the following reaction.S(s,rhombic) + 2CO(g)SO2(g) + 2C(s,graphite)Based on this value of Keq:G° for this reaction is expected to be (greater, less) fill in the blank than zero.Calculate the free energy change for the reaction of 1.85 moles of S(s,rhombic) at standard conditions at 298K. G°rxn = _____ kJarrow_forwardConsider the reaction2SO2(g) + O2(g)2SO3(g)Use the standard thermodynamic data in the tables linked above. Calculate G for this reaction at 298.15K if the pressure of SO3(g) is reduced to 16.54 mm Hg, while the pressures of SO2(g) and O2(g) remain at 1 atm.arrow_forward
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- Compound ∆Hf (kJ/mole) ∆S (J/mole K) CO2(g) –393.5 +213.8 CO2 (aq) –413.8 +117.6 N2O4 9.16 +304.4 NO2 33.2 240.1 CaCO3 –1207.6 91.7 CaO –634.9 +38.1 I2 (g) 62.42 260.69 HI(g) 26.5 206.6 H2 (g) 0 130.7 (a) For the following reactions, using the provided ∆H and ∆S data, determine whether each one would be spontaneous or nonspontaneous at 25°C CO2(g) à CO2(aq) N2O4(g)-------- à2 NO2(g) CaCO3(s) ----à CaO (s) + CO2(g) H2 (g) + I2(g)---- à 2 HI (g)arrow_forwardIs this correct?arrow_forwardDetermine the boiling point of CS2, in °C, from the following data: AH, (kJ mol-¹) S° (J mol-¹ K-1) CS₂(g) 115.3 237.8 CS2(1) O-11 811 321 87 43 87.9 151.0 Barrow_forward
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