Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 10, Problem 10.3PAE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
PET can be recycled and has plenty of applications in daily life
Concept introduction:
- PET stands for polyethylene
- PET can be recycled in order to be reused
- PET has desired properties such as durability, low density, flexible and elastic
- Most applications are container use
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On the next page is an LC separation of the parabens found in baby wash. Parabens are
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a. In the chromatogram, estimate k' for ethyl paraben. Clearly indicate what values you used for
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MAU
| Methyl paraben
40
20
0
-2
Ethyl paraben n-Propyl paraben
n-Butyl paraben
App ID 22925
6
8
min
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and retention factor. In other words, as k' increases, N decreases. Explain this relationship
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4000
3500
2500
2000
1500
1000
Figure 4. Column efficiency (N) vs retention factor (k') for 22
nonionizable solutes on FMS (red), PGC (black), and COZ (green). 3000
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k' less than 15, which was achieved for most solutes as follows: FMS
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compositions were used for the most highly retained solutes. All
columns were 50 mm × 4.6 mm id and packed with 5 um particles,
except for COZ, which was packed with 3 um particles. All other
chromatographic conditions were constant: column length 5 cm,
column j.§. 4.6 mm, flow rate 2 mL/min, column temperature 40 °C,
and injection volume 0.5 μL
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1.5
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1COCh. 10 - . explain the concept of entropy in your own...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3COCh. 10 - . state the second law of thermodynamics in words...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5COCh. 10 - Prob. 6COCh. 10 - Prob. 7COCh. 10 - Prob. 8COCh. 10 - Prob. 9COCh. 10 - Prob. 10CO
Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.1PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.2PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.3PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.4PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.5PAECh. 10 - Use the web to learn how many pounds of plastics...Ch. 10 - On the basis of your experience, predict which of...Ch. 10 - In the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous...Ch. 10 - 1f the combustion of butane is spontaneous, how...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Identify each of the processes listed as...Ch. 10 - Athletic trainers use instant ice packs that can...Ch. 10 - Are any of the following exothermic processes not...Ch. 10 - Enthalpy changes often help predict whether or not...Ch. 10 - When a fossil fuel burns, is that fossil fuel the...Ch. 10 - Murphy's law is a whimsical rule that says that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.17PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.18PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.19PAECh. 10 - Some games include dice with more than six sides....Ch. 10 - How does probability relate to spontaneity?Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.22PAECh. 10 - For each pair of items, tell which has the higher...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.24PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.25PAECh. 10 - For each process, tell whether the entropy change...Ch. 10 - Without doing a calculation, predict whether the...Ch. 10 - For the following chemical reactions, predict the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.29PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.30PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.31PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.32PAECh. 10 - According to Lambert, leaves lying in the yard and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.34PAECh. 10 - What happens to the entropy of the universe during...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.36PAECh. 10 - One statement of the second law of thermodynamics...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.38PAECh. 10 - How does the second law of thermodynamics explain...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.40PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.41PAECh. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Which reaction occurs with the greater increase in...Ch. 10 - Methanol is burned as fuel in some race cars. This...Ch. 10 - Limestone is predominantly CaCO3, which can...Ch. 10 - Suppose that you find out that a system has an...Ch. 10 - Use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.48PAECh. 10 - Calculate S for the dissolution of magnesium...Ch. 10 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 10 - Through photosynthesis, plants build molecules of...Ch. 10 - Find websites describing two different attempts to...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.53PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.54PAECh. 10 - A beaker of water at 400 C(on the left in the...Ch. 10 - Describe why it is easier to use Gto determine the...Ch. 10 - Under what conditions does G allow us to predict...Ch. 10 - There is another free energy state function, the...Ch. 10 - 10.45 Calculate G at 45°C for reactions for which...Ch. 10 - 10.46 Discuss the effect of temperature change on...Ch. 10 - The reaction CO2(g)+H2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g) is not...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.62PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.63PAECh. 10 - For the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use...Ch. 10 - 10.51 The combustion of acetylene was used in...Ch. 10 - Natural gas (methane) is being used in...Ch. 10 - Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to...Ch. 10 - Explain why Gf of O2 (g) is zero.Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Using tabulated thermodynamic data, calculate G...Ch. 10 - Calculate G for the dissolution of both sodium...Ch. 10 - Phosphorus exists in multiple solid phases,...Ch. 10 - 10.59 The normal melting point of benzene, C6H6,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.74PAECh. 10 - Estimate the temperature range over which each of...Ch. 10 - Recall that incomplete combustion of fossil fuels...Ch. 10 - During polymerization, the system usually becomes...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.78PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.79PAECh. 10 - The recycling of polymers represents only one...Ch. 10 - Diethyl ether is a liquid at normal temperature...Ch. 10 - Calculate the entropy change, S , for the...Ch. 10 - Gallium metal has a melting point of 29.8°C. Use...Ch. 10 - Methane can be produced from CO and H2.The process...Ch. 10 - 10.85 Iodine is not very soluble in water, but it...Ch. 10 - The enthalpy of vaporization for water is 40.65 kJ...Ch. 10 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 10 - Nickel metal reacts with carbon monoxide to form...Ch. 10 - Polyethylene has a heat capacity of 2,3027 J g-1...Ch. 10 - A key component in many chemical engineering...Ch. 10 - The reaction shown below is involved in the...Ch. 10 - Using only the data given below, determine G for...Ch. 10 - The graph below shows G as a function of...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.94PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.95PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.96PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.97PAECh. 10 - Prob. 10.98PAECh. 10 - Thermodynamics provides a way to interpret...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.100PAECh. 10 - 10.101 Fluorine reacts with liquid water to form...Ch. 10 - 10.102 Ammonia can react with oxygen gas to form...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.103PAECh. 10 - 10.104 (a) When a chemical bond forms, what...
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- f. Predict how the van Deemter curve in Figure 7 would change if the temperature were raised from 40 °C to 55 °C. Figure 7. van Desmter curves in reduced coordinates for four nitroalkane homologues (nitropropane, black; nitrobutane, red; nitropentane, blue; and nitrohexane, green) separated on the FMS phase. Chromatographic conditions: column dimensions 50 mm × 4.6 mm id, eluent 30/70 ACN/water, flow rates 0.2-5.0 mL/min, injection volume 0.5 and column temperature 40 °C. No corrections to the plate heights have been made to account for extracolumn dispersion. Reduced Plate Height (h) ° 20 40 60 Reduced Velocity (v) 8. (2) A water sample is analyzed for traces of benzene using headspace analysis. The sample and standard are spiked with a fixed amount of toluene as an internal standard. The following data are obtained: Ppb benzene Peak area benzene Peak area toluene 10.0 252 376 Sample 533 368 What is the concentration of benzene in the sample?arrow_forwardLiquid chromatography has been used to track the concentration of remdesivir (a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, structure shown at right) in COVID patients undergoing experimental treatments. Intensity The authors provide the following details regarding standard solutions preparation: HN CN HO OH NH2 Remdesivir (RDV) stock solution (5000 µg/mL) was prepared by dissolving RDV drug powder using the mixture of DMSO: MeOH (30:70 v/v). The RDV working standard solutions for calibration and quality controls were prepared using methanol in concentrations of 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01 µg/mL. 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 5000 ng/mL sample solutions were prepared freshly by spiking calibration standard solutions into the blank human plasma samples for method calibration. a) What type of calibration method is being described? Why do you think the authors chose this method as opposed to another? b) Based on the details provided in part a, describe an appropriate method blank…arrow_forwardRecent advancements in liquid chromatography include the development of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and an increased use of capillary columns that had previously only been used with gas chromatography. Both of these advances have made the development of portable LC systems possible. For example, Axcend Corp. makes a portable system that uses a capillary column with an internal diameter of 150-μm-that is packed with 1.7-um stationary phase particles. In contrast, a traditional LC column has a 4.6 mm internal diameter and utilizes 5-um stationary phase particles. a) Explain one advantage that is afforded by the use of a capillary column in liquid chromatographic separation. Explain one disadvantage of capillary columns. b) Explain how the use of smaller stationary phase particles can improve the resolution of a separation. Include any relevant equations that support your explanation. c) A scientist at Rowan University is using the Axcend LC to conduct analyses of F…arrow_forward
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