Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of the central atom that has the bonded atom-lone pair arrangement of a tetrahedron shape has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Hybridization is the idea that atomic orbitals combine to form new hybridized orbitals which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties. Hybridization is also an expansion of the
(b)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of the central atom that has the bonded atom-lone pair arrangement of a trigonal bipyramidal shape has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of the central atom that has the bonded atom-lone pair arrangement of an octahedral shape has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chemistry: Principles and Practice
- (a) Methane (CH4) and the perchlorate ion (ClO4- ) are bothdescribed as tetrahedral. What does this indicate about theirbond angles? (b) The NH3 molecule is trigonal pyramidal, while BF3 is trigonal planar. Which of these molecules is flat?arrow_forwardConsider the reaction BF3 + NH3 -> F3B-NH3 (a) Describe the changes in hybridization of the B and N atoms as a result of this reaction. (b) Describe the shapes of all the reactant molecules with their bond angles. (c) Draw the overall shape of the product molecule and identify the bond angles around B and N atoms. (d) What is the name of the bond between B and N. (e)Describe the bonding orbitals that make the B and F, B and N & N and H bonds in the product molecule.arrow_forwardThe structure of caffeine is shown below. (a) Complete the Lewis structure. (b) How many pi bonds are present in caffeine? How many sigma bonds? (c) Identify the hybridization of the carbon atoms. (d) What is the value of the O-C-N angle?arrow_forward
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- . Assume that the third-period element phosphorus forms a diatomic molecule, P2, in an analogous way as nitrogen does to form N2. (a) Write the electronic configuration for P2. Use [Ne2] to represent the electron configuration for the first two periods. (b) Calculate its bond order. (c) What are its magnetic properties (diamagnetic or paramagnetic)?arrow_forwardDescribe the bond angles to be found in each of the following molecular structures: (a) trigonal planar, (b) tetrahedral, (c) octahedral, (d) linear.arrow_forwardNitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is used in the electronics industry to clean surfaces. NF3 is also a potent greenhouse gas. (A) Draw the Lewis structure of NF3 and determine its molecular geometry. (B) BF3 and NF3 both have three covalently bonded fluorine atoms around a central atom. Do they have the same dipole moment? (C) Could BF3 also behave as a greenhouse gas? Explain why or why not.arrow_forward
- (a) Describe the hybridization of the central atom of a molecule with a see-saw shape. (b) Describe the hybridization of the central atom of a molecule with a trigonal planar shape. (c) Describe the hybridization of the central atom of a molecule with a trigonal bipyramidal shape.arrow_forward(a) Use the VSEPR theory to predict the structure of theNNO molecule.(b) The substance NNO has a small dipole moment.Which end of the molecule is more likely to be thepositive end, based only on electronegativity?arrow_forwardWhat is the hybridization of the central atom in each of the following?(a) BeH2(b) SF6(c) PO4 3−(d) PCl5arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning