Concept explainers
Videos
(a)
Interpretation:The highly covalent polarized single bond should be located in the compound with biological activity against cells of prostate cancer.
Concept introduction:The difference in electronegativity gives rise to partial positive and negative charges on two atoms. The extent of polarity is quantitatively expressed as dipole moment. It is quantitatively defined as product of charges of two bonded atoms and the separation between them. The electronegativity difference decides the direction of dipole moment. It is indicated by an arrow head from positive end towards negative end. For example, the carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.
The difference in electronegativity gives rise to partial positive and negative charges on two atoms. The extent of polarity is quantitatively expressed as dipole moment. It is quantitatively defined as product of charges of two bonded atoms and the separation between them.
(b)
Interpretation: The highly polarized covalent double bond should be located in the compound with biological activity against cells of prostate cancer.
Concept introduction:The difference in electronegativity gives rise to partial positive and negative charges on two atoms. The extent of polarity is quantitatively expressed as dipole moment. It is quantitatively defined as product of charges of two bonded atoms and the separation between them. The electronegativity difference decides the direction of dipole moment. It is indicated by an arrow head from positive end towards negative end. For example, the carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.
The difference in electronegativity gives rise to partial positive and negative charges on two atoms. The extent of polarity is quantitatively expressed as dipole moment. It is quantitatively defined as product of charges of two bonded atoms and the separation between them.
(c)
Interpretation: The nearly nonpolar covalent bond should be located in the compound with biological activity against cells of prostate cancer.
Concept introduction:The difference in electronegativity gives rise to partial positive and negative charges on two atoms. The extent of polarity is quantitatively expressed as dipole moment. It is quantitatively defined as product of charges of two bonded atoms and the separation between them. The electronegativity difference decides the direction of dipole moment. It is indicated by an arrow head from positive end towards negative end. For example, the carbonyl bond is polar with partial postive charge on carbon and partial negative charge on oxygen as illustrated below.
The difference in electronegativity gives rise to partial positive and negative charges on two atoms. The extent of polarity is quantitatively expressed as dipole moment. It is quantitatively defined as product of charges of two bonded atoms and the separation between them.
(d)
Interpretation: The
Concept introduction:In accordance with VSEPR model, if four bonds are present around the central atom the hybridization associated is
Similarly, if three bonds are present around the central atom the hybridization associated is
Sequence that determines hybridization state of an atom is as follows:
- A single bond is always associated with sigma bonds. Molecules that have all atoms connected by sigma bond exclusively are stated to be in
- A double bond is always associated
- A triple bond is always associated
(e)
Interpretation:The
Concept introduction:In accordance with VSEPR model, if four bonds are present around the central atom the hybridization associated is
Similarly, if three bonds are present around the central atom the hybridization associated is
Sequence that determines hybridization state of an atom is as follows:
- A single bond is always associated with sigma bonds. Molecules that have all atoms connected by sigma bond exclusively are stated to be in
- A double bond is always associated
- A triple bond is always associated
(f)
Interpretation:The
Concept introduction:Sequence that determines hybridization state of an atom is as follows:
- A single bond is always associated with sigma bonds. Molecules that have all atoms connected by sigma bond exclusively are stated to be in
- A double bond is always associated
- A triple bond is always associated
(g)
Interpretation:Longest bond in the molecule should be located in the compound.
Concept introduction:Bond strength varies inversely to bond length. Stronger bonds have small bond length and vice-versa. The bond length varies inversely to bond order.
Compound with biological activity against cells of prostate cancer is as follows:
(h)
Interpretation:Shortest bond in the molecule should be located in the compound with biological activity against cells of prostate cancer.
Concept introduction:Bond strength varies inversely to bond length. Stronger bonds have small bond length and vice-versa. The bond length varies inversely to bond order.
Compound with biological activity against cells of prostate cancer is as follows:
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 1 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (LL)-PACKAGE
- Propose a synthesis pathway for the following transformations. b) c) d)arrow_forwardThe rate coefficient of the gas-phase reaction 2 NO2 + O3 → N2O5 + O2 is 2.0x104 mol–1 dm3 s–1 at 300 K. Indicate whether the order of the reaction is 0, 1, or 2.arrow_forward8. Draw all the resonance forms for each of the following molecules or ions, and indicate the major contributor in each case, or if they are equivalent. (4.5 pts) (a) PH2 سمةarrow_forward
- 3. Assign absolute configuration (Rors) to each chirality center. a. H Nitz C. он b. 0 H-C. C H 7 C. ་-4 917-417 refs H 1つ ८ ડુ d. Но f. -2- 01 Ho -OH 2HNarrow_forwardHow many signals do you expect in the H NMR spectrum for this molecule? Br Br Write the answer below. Also, in each of the drawing areas below is a copy of the molecule, with Hs shown. In each copy, one of the H atoms is colored red. Highlight in red all other H atoms that would contribute to the same signal as the H already highlighted red. Note for advanced students: In this question, any multiplet is counted as one signal. Number of signals in the 'H NMR spectrum. For the molecule in the top drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in top molecule For the molecule in the bottom drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in bottom moleculearrow_forwardIn the drawing area below, draw the major products of this organic reaction: 1. NaOH ? 2. CH3Br If there are no major products, because nothing much will happen to the reactant under these reaction conditions, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ☐ : A คarrow_forward
- Predict the major products of the following organic reaction: NC Δ ? Some important Notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below. • If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead. • Be sure to draw bonds carefully to show important geometric relationships between substituents. Note: if your answer contains a complicated ring structure, you must use one of the molecular fragment stamps (available in the menu at right) to enter the ring structure. You can add any substituents using the pencil tool in the usual way. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х аarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction. Be sure you use dash and wedge bonds to show stereochemistry where it's important. + ☑ OH 1. TsCl, py .... 文 P 2. t-BuO K Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardConsider this organic reaction: ( Draw the major products of the reaction in the drawing area below. If there won't be any major products, because this reaction won't happen at a significant rate, check the box under the drawing area instead. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х : а ค 1arrow_forward
- In the drawing area below, draw the major products of this organic reaction: If there are no major products, because nothing much will happen to the reactant under these reaction conditions, check the box under the drawing area instead. 1. NaH 2. CH3Br ? Click and drag to start drawing a structure. No reaction. : ☐ Narrow_forward+ Predict the major product of the following reaction. : ☐ + ☑ ค OH H₂SO4 Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardConsider this organic reaction: ... OH CI Draw the major products of the reaction in the drawing area below. If there won't be any major products, because this reaction won't happen at a significant rate, check the box under the drawing area instead. ☐ No Reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. : аarrow_forward
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning