Chapter 1, Problem

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Thegeometry of each internal atom in given resonance structures of ${\text{OCN}}^{\text{-}}$ ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.

The resonance is the phenomenon in which if all the properties cannot explain by one structure, it can be shown in two or more structures by the shifting of pi bonds or lone pair but there is no change in sigma bond and position of atoms.

In the different resonance structures, hybridization gives idea about the geometry of each atom. It can be checked with the below formula:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Thegeometry of each internal atom in given resonance structures of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CHNH}}^{\text{-}}$ ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.

The resonance is the phenomenon in which if all the properties cannot explain by one structure, it can be shown in two or more structures by the shifting of pi bonds or lone pair but there is no change in sigma bond and position of atoms. In the different resonance structures, hybridization gives idea about the geometry of each atom. It can be checked with the below formula:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Thegeometry of each internal atom in given resonance structures of ${\text{HCONH}}_{\text{2}}$ ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.

The resonance is the phenomenon in which if all the properties cannot explain by one structure, it can be shown in two or more structures by the shifting of pi bonds or lone pair but there is no change in sigma bond and position of atoms. In the different resonance structures, hybridization gives idea about the geometry of each atom. It can be checked with the below formula:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Thegeometry of each internal atom in given resonance structures of ${\text{O}}_{\text{3}}$ ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.

The resonance is the phenomenon in which if all the properties cannot explain by one structure, it can be shown in two or more structures by the shifting of pi bonds or lone pair but there is no change in sigma bond and position of atoms. In the different resonance structures, hybridization gives idea about the geometry of each atom. It can be checked with the below formula:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Thegeometry of each internal atom in given resonance structures of ${\text{ClO}}_{{}_{\text{2}}}^{-}$ ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.

The resonance is the phenomenon in which if all the properties cannot explain by one structure, it can be shown in two or more structures by the shifting of pi bonds or lone pair but there is no change in sigma bond and position of atoms. In the different resonance structures, hybridization gives idea about the geometry of each atom. It can be checked with the below formula:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Thegeometry of each internal atom in given resonance structures of ${\text{HOCHNH}}_{{}_{\text{2}}}^{+}$ ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.

The resonance is the phenomenon in which if all the properties cannot explain by one structure, it can be shown in two or more structures by the shifting of pi bonds or lone pair but there is no change in sigma bond and position of atoms. In the different resonance structures, hybridization gives idea about the geometry of each atom. It can be checked with the below formula:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:Thegeometry of each internal atom in given resonance structures of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{CNO}$ ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure. The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded atoms while the remaining electrons present in outer shell represented as lone pair of electrons.

The resonance is the phenomenon in which if all the properties cannot explain by one structure, it can be shown in two or more structures by the shifting of pi bonds or lone pair but there is no change in sigma bond and position of atoms.

In the different resonance structures, hybridization gives idea about the geometry of each atom. It can be checked with the below formula:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms.