Biochemistry, The Molecular Basis of Life, 6th Edition
Biochemistry, The Molecular Basis of Life, 6th Edition
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190259204
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 1, Problem 3RQ
Summary Introduction

To review:

Definition of the following biological terminologies:

(a) Functional group

(b) R group

(c) Carboxyl group

(d) Amino group

(e) Hydroxyl group

Introduction:

According to organic chemistry, functional groups are certain moieties present within the molecules mainly responsible for the chemical properties of those molecules. The common functional groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, thiol, carbonyl, and amino groups.

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A protein biochemist attempted to determine the amino acid sequence of a decapeptide. The results from the trypsin, chymotrypsin, and cyanogen bromide treatments are shown: ⚫ Trypsin digestion gave two fragments with multiple residues (not in order): • T1: Ala, Arg, Phe, Gly, Thr, Trp, Tyr o T2: Lys, Met, Val Chymotrypsin digestion gave four fragments with multiple residues (not in order): • CT1: Ala, Phe • CT2: Thr, Trp • CT3: Lys, Met, Tyr, Val 。 CT4: Arg, Gly ⚫ Treatment with cyanogen bromide yielded a single amino acid, methionine, and a nonapeptide. What is a possible sequence of the decapeptide? Use three-letter abbreviations in your answer, and add a dash between each residue.
A protein biochemist attempted to determine the amino acid sequence of a decapeptide. The results from the trypsin, chymotrypsin, and cyanogen bromide treatments are shown: • Trypsin digestion gave two fragments with multiple residues (not in order): T1: Ala, Arg, Phe, Gly, Thr, Trp, Tyr • T2: Lys, Met, Val Chymotrypsin digestion gave four fragments with multiple residues (not in order): • CTI: Ala, Phe 。 CT2: Thr, Trp • CT3: Lys, Met, Tyr, Val 。 CT4: Arg, Gly ⚫ Treatment with cyanogen bromide yielded a single amino acid, methionine, and a nonapeptide. What is a possible sequence of the decapeptide? Use three-letter abbreviations in your answer, and add a dash between each residue.
Poly-L-leucine in an organic solvent such as dioxane is a helical, whereas poly-L-isoleucine is not. Why do these amino acids with the same number and kinds of atoms have different helix-forming tendencies? L-isoleucine's methyl group sterically interferes with α-helix formation, whereas L-leucine's methyl group does not interfere. L-isoleucine lacks an NH group that can donate a hydrogen bond to stabilize an a helix, whereas L-leucine has an NH group. L-isoleucine contains a hydrogen-bond acceptor in close proximity to the main chain, whereas L-leucine lacks this group. L-isoleucine's ring structure prevents it from assuming the op value to fit into an a helix, whereas L-isoleucine does not have a ring structure.
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