Definition of the following biological terminologies: a. Biomolecule b. Macromolecule c. Enzyme d. Metabolism e. Homeostasis Introduction: A living organism is able to sustain and regulate its biological functions due to variety and diversity of biomolecules present in living organisms. Most biomolecules present in cell are proteins, nucleic acids , lipids and nucleic acids, these biomolecules govern life by functioning together in a coordinated manner in a living organism. In biological system, these biomolecules further form complex structures giving rise to structural and functional components of cell, tissues, and organs.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Definition of the following biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule

b. Macromolecule

c. Enzyme

d. Metabolism

e. Homeostasis

Introduction:

A living organism is able to sustain and regulate its biological functions due to variety and diversity of biomolecules present in living organisms. Most biomolecules present in cell are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and nucleic acids, these biomolecules govern life by functioning together in a coordinated manner in a living organism. In biological system, these biomolecules further form complex structures giving rise to structural and functional components of cell, tissues, and organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Following are the definitions for the biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule:

These are the molecules found in the living organisms and are vital for the functioning, growth, development, and regulation of the living system. These contain macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, fats (lipids) and nucleic acids. Biomolecules consist of inorganic and organic components: inorganic component consist of water, ions like (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), and organic component consist carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

b. Macromolecule:

These are large molecules as they are comprised of thousands of atoms which makes them a complete molecule. For example, in a biological system proteins and nucleic acids are macromolecules.

c. Enzyme:

Enzyme is defined as a biological catalyst (protein molecules) enhances the rate of a chemical reaction but enzymes are not permanently changed by the reaction. Enzymes do this by decreasing activation energy required for a chemical reaction and couple with substrate forms enzyme substrate complex and finally convert them into products.

d. Metabolism:

In order to regulate and maintain life, there are various reactions which undergo within a living system. This involves the synthesis of new compounds and breakdown of other molecules. All these reactions occur within the body and are referred to as a metabolic reaction and phenomenon is called metabolism.

e. Homeostasis:

A physiological process in which equilibrium condition is maintained or constant internal environment is maintained within a living organism.

Conclusion

Biomolecules, macromolecules, enzymes are the biological molecules while metabolism and homeostasis are the biological processes essential to maintain the integrity and efficiency of biological system.

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A protein biochemist attempted to determine the amino acid sequence of a decapeptide. The results from the trypsin, chymotrypsin, and cyanogen bromide treatments are shown: ⚫ Trypsin digestion gave two fragments with multiple residues (not in order): • T1: Ala, Arg, Phe, Gly, Thr, Trp, Tyr o T2: Lys, Met, Val Chymotrypsin digestion gave four fragments with multiple residues (not in order): • CT1: Ala, Phe • CT2: Thr, Trp • CT3: Lys, Met, Tyr, Val 。 CT4: Arg, Gly ⚫ Treatment with cyanogen bromide yielded a single amino acid, methionine, and a nonapeptide. What is a possible sequence of the decapeptide? Use three-letter abbreviations in your answer, and add a dash between each residue.

A protein biochemist attempted to determine the amino acid sequence of a decapeptide. The results from the trypsin, chymotrypsin, and cyanogen bromide treatments are shown: • Trypsin digestion gave two fragments with multiple residues (not in order): T1: Ala, Arg, Phe, Gly, Thr, Trp, Tyr • T2: Lys, Met, Val Chymotrypsin digestion gave four fragments with multiple residues (not in order): • CTI: Ala, Phe 。 CT2: Thr, Trp • CT3: Lys, Met, Tyr, Val 。 CT4: Arg, Gly ⚫ Treatment with cyanogen bromide yielded a single amino acid, methionine, and a nonapeptide. What is a possible sequence of the decapeptide? Use three-letter abbreviations in your answer, and add a dash between each residue.

Poly-L-leucine in an organic solvent such as dioxane is a helical, whereas poly-L-isoleucine is not. Why do these amino acids with the same number and kinds of atoms have different helix-forming tendencies? L-isoleucine's methyl group sterically interferes with α-helix formation, whereas L-leucine's methyl group does not interfere. L-isoleucine lacks an NH group that can donate a hydrogen bond to stabilize an a helix, whereas L-leucine has an NH group. L-isoleucine contains a hydrogen-bond acceptor in close proximity to the main chain, whereas L-leucine lacks this group. L-isoleucine's ring structure prevents it from assuming the op value to fit into an a helix, whereas L-isoleucine does not have a ring structure.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Definition of the following biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule

b. Macromolecule

c. Enzyme

d. Metabolism

e. Homeostasis

Introduction:

A living organism is able to sustain and regulate its biological functions due to variety and diversity of biomolecules present in living organisms. Most biomolecules present in cell are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and nucleic acids, these biomolecules govern life by functioning together in a coordinated manner in a living organism. In biological system, these biomolecules further form complex structures giving rise to structural and functional components of cell, tissues, and organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Following are the definitions for the biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule:

These are the molecules found in the living organisms and are vital for the functioning, growth, development, and regulation of the living system. These contain macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, fats (lipids) and nucleic acids. Biomolecules consist of inorganic and organic components: inorganic component consist of water, ions like (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), and organic component consist carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

b. Macromolecule:

These are large molecules as they are comprised of thousands of atoms which makes them a complete molecule. For example, in a biological system proteins and nucleic acids are macromolecules.

c. Enzyme:

Enzyme is defined as a biological catalyst (protein molecules) enhances the rate of a chemical reaction but enzymes are not permanently changed by the reaction. Enzymes do this by decreasing activation energy required for a chemical reaction and couple with substrate forms enzyme substrate complex and finally convert them into products.

d. Metabolism:

In order to regulate and maintain life, there are various reactions which undergo within a living system. This involves the synthesis of new compounds and breakdown of other molecules. All these reactions occur within the body and are referred to as a metabolic reaction and phenomenon is called metabolism.

e. Homeostasis:

A physiological process in which equilibrium condition is maintained or constant internal environment is maintained within a living organism.

Conclusion

Biomolecules, macromolecules, enzymes are the biological molecules while metabolism and homeostasis are the biological processes essential to maintain the integrity and efficiency of biological system.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Definition of the following biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule

b. Macromolecule

c. Enzyme

d. Metabolism

e. Homeostasis

Introduction:

A living organism is able to sustain and regulate its biological functions due to variety and diversity of biomolecules present in living organisms. Most biomolecules present in cell are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and nucleic acids, these biomolecules govern life by functioning together in a coordinated manner in a living organism. In biological system, these biomolecules further form complex structures giving rise to structural and functional components of cell, tissues, and organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Following are the definitions for the biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule:

These are the molecules found in the living organisms and are vital for the functioning, growth, development, and regulation of the living system. These contain macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, fats (lipids) and nucleic acids. Biomolecules consist of inorganic and organic components: inorganic component consist of water, ions like (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), and organic component consist carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

b. Macromolecule:

These are large molecules as they are comprised of thousands of atoms which makes them a complete molecule. For example, in a biological system proteins and nucleic acids are macromolecules.

c. Enzyme:

Enzyme is defined as a biological catalyst (protein molecules) enhances the rate of a chemical reaction but enzymes are not permanently changed by the reaction. Enzymes do this by decreasing activation energy required for a chemical reaction and couple with substrate forms enzyme substrate complex and finally convert them into products.

d. Metabolism:

In order to regulate and maintain life, there are various reactions which undergo within a living system. This involves the synthesis of new compounds and breakdown of other molecules. All these reactions occur within the body and are referred to as a metabolic reaction and phenomenon is called metabolism.

e. Homeostasis:

A physiological process in which equilibrium condition is maintained or constant internal environment is maintained within a living organism.

Conclusion

Biomolecules, macromolecules, enzymes are the biological molecules while metabolism and homeostasis are the biological processes essential to maintain the integrity and efficiency of biological system.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Definition of the following biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule

b. Macromolecule

c. Enzyme

d. Metabolism

e. Homeostasis

Introduction:

A living organism is able to sustain and regulate its biological functions due to variety and diversity of biomolecules present in living organisms. Most biomolecules present in cell are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and nucleic acids, these biomolecules govern life by functioning together in a coordinated manner in a living organism. In biological system, these biomolecules further form complex structures giving rise to structural and functional components of cell, tissues, and organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Following are the definitions for the biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule:

These are the molecules found in the living organisms and are vital for the functioning, growth, development, and regulation of the living system. These contain macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, fats (lipids) and nucleic acids. Biomolecules consist of inorganic and organic components: inorganic component consist of water, ions like (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), and organic component consist carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

b. Macromolecule:

These are large molecules as they are comprised of thousands of atoms which makes them a complete molecule. For example, in a biological system proteins and nucleic acids are macromolecules.

c. Enzyme:

Enzyme is defined as a biological catalyst (protein molecules) enhances the rate of a chemical reaction but enzymes are not permanently changed by the reaction. Enzymes do this by decreasing activation energy required for a chemical reaction and couple with substrate forms enzyme substrate complex and finally convert them into products.

d. Metabolism:

In order to regulate and maintain life, there are various reactions which undergo within a living system. This involves the synthesis of new compounds and breakdown of other molecules. All these reactions occur within the body and are referred to as a metabolic reaction and phenomenon is called metabolism.

e. Homeostasis:

A physiological process in which equilibrium condition is maintained or constant internal environment is maintained within a living organism.

Conclusion

Biomolecules, macromolecules, enzymes are the biological molecules while metabolism and homeostasis are the biological processes essential to maintain the integrity and efficiency of biological system.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Definition of the following biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule

b. Macromolecule

c. Enzyme

d. Metabolism

e. Homeostasis

Introduction:

A living organism is able to sustain and regulate its biological functions due to variety and diversity of biomolecules present in living organisms. Most biomolecules present in cell are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and nucleic acids, these biomolecules govern life by functioning together in a coordinated manner in a living organism. In biological system, these biomolecules further form complex structures giving rise to structural and functional components of cell, tissues, and organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Following are the definitions for the biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule:

These are the molecules found in the living organisms and are vital for the functioning, growth, development, and regulation of the living system. These contain macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, fats (lipids) and nucleic acids. Biomolecules consist of inorganic and organic components: inorganic component consist of water, ions like (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), and organic component consist carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

b. Macromolecule:

These are large molecules as they are comprised of thousands of atoms which makes them a complete molecule. For example, in a biological system proteins and nucleic acids are macromolecules.

c. Enzyme:

Enzyme is defined as a biological catalyst (protein molecules) enhances the rate of a chemical reaction but enzymes are not permanently changed by the reaction. Enzymes do this by decreasing activation energy required for a chemical reaction and couple with substrate forms enzyme substrate complex and finally convert them into products.

d. Metabolism:

In order to regulate and maintain life, there are various reactions which undergo within a living system. This involves the synthesis of new compounds and breakdown of other molecules. All these reactions occur within the body and are referred to as a metabolic reaction and phenomenon is called metabolism.

e. Homeostasis:

A physiological process in which equilibrium condition is maintained or constant internal environment is maintained within a living organism.

Conclusion

Biomolecules, macromolecules, enzymes are the biological molecules while metabolism and homeostasis are the biological processes essential to maintain the integrity and efficiency of biological system.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Definition of the following biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule

b. Macromolecule

c. Enzyme

d. Metabolism

e. Homeostasis

Introduction:

A living organism is able to sustain and regulate its biological functions due to variety and diversity of biomolecules present in living organisms. Most biomolecules present in cell are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and nucleic acids, these biomolecules govern life by functioning together in a coordinated manner in a living organism. In biological system, these biomolecules further form complex structures giving rise to structural and functional components of cell, tissues, and organs.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Following are the definitions for the biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule:

These are the molecules found in the living organisms and are vital for the functioning, growth, development, and regulation of the living system. These contain macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, fats (lipids) and nucleic acids. Biomolecules consist of inorganic and organic components: inorganic component consist of water, ions like (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), and organic component consist carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

b. Macromolecule:

These are large molecules as they are comprised of thousands of atoms which makes them a complete molecule. For example, in a biological system proteins and nucleic acids are macromolecules.

c. Enzyme:

Enzyme is defined as a biological catalyst (protein molecules) enhances the rate of a chemical reaction but enzymes are not permanently changed by the reaction. Enzymes do this by decreasing activation energy required for a chemical reaction and couple with substrate forms enzyme substrate complex and finally convert them into products.

d. Metabolism:

In order to regulate and maintain life, there are various reactions which undergo within a living system. This involves the synthesis of new compounds and breakdown of other molecules. All these reactions occur within the body and are referred to as a metabolic reaction and phenomenon is called metabolism.

e. Homeostasis:

A physiological process in which equilibrium condition is maintained or constant internal environment is maintained within a living organism.

Conclusion

Biomolecules, macromolecules, enzymes are the biological molecules while metabolism and homeostasis are the biological processes essential to maintain the integrity and efficiency of biological system.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

Definition of the following biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule

b. Macromolecule

c. Enzyme

d. Metabolism

e. Homeostasis

Introduction:

A living organism is able to sustain and regulate its biological functions due to variety and diversity of biomolecules present in living organisms. Most biomolecules present in cell are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and nucleic acids, these biomolecules govern life by functioning together in a coordinated manner in a living organism. In biological system, these biomolecules further form complex structures giving rise to structural and functional components of cell, tissues, and organs.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Following are the definitions for the biological terminologies:

a. Biomolecule:

These are the molecules found in the living organisms and are vital for the functioning, growth, development, and regulation of the living system. These contain macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, fats (lipids) and nucleic acids. Biomolecules consist of inorganic and organic components: inorganic component consist of water, ions like (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺), and organic component consist carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

b. Macromolecule:

These are large molecules as they are comprised of thousands of atoms which makes them a complete molecule. For example, in a biological system proteins and nucleic acids are macromolecules.

c. Enzyme:

Enzyme is defined as a biological catalyst (protein molecules) enhances the rate of a chemical reaction but enzymes are not permanently changed by the reaction. Enzymes do this by decreasing activation energy required for a chemical reaction and couple with substrate forms enzyme substrate complex and finally convert them into products.

d. Metabolism:

In order to regulate and maintain life, there are various reactions which undergo within a living system. This involves the synthesis of new compounds and breakdown of other molecules. All these reactions occur within the body and are referred to as a metabolic reaction and phenomenon is called metabolism.

e. Homeostasis:

A physiological process in which equilibrium condition is maintained or constant internal environment is maintained within a living organism.

Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Conclusion

Biomolecules, macromolecules, enzymes are the biological molecules while metabolism and homeostasis are the biological processes essential to maintain the integrity and efficiency of biological system.

Answer 12

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 1 - Prob. 2RQ Ch. 1 - Prob. 3RQ Ch. 1 - Prob. 4RQ Ch. 1 - Prob. 5RQ Ch. 1 - Prob. 6RQ Ch. 1 - Prob. 7RQ Ch. 1 - Prob. 8RQ Ch. 1 - Prob. 9RQ Ch. 1 - Prob. 10RQ

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