**Glycolysis Reaction Query****Question:**Which reaction below in the glycolytic pathway has a highly unfavorable ΔG°' but a favorable ΔG under physiological conditions?**Options:**1. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP → 3-Phosphoglycerate + ATP2. 2-phosphoglycerate → phosphoenolpyruvate3. fructose-1,6-bisphosphate → dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate4. fructose-6-phosphate → fructose-1,6-bisphosphate---*Note: This question is aimed at understanding the role of different conditions on reaction spontaneity, with ΔG°' indicating the standard state Gibbs free energy change and ΔG representing the change under cellular conditions.*

Free energy changes: The Gibbs free energy is used to calculate the maximum amount of work that a…

Answered: Which reaction below in the glycolytic…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to an acceptor oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehyde dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP hydrolysis of GAP oxidation by NAD+ and formation of acyl-phosphate
Order the cofactors based on their use in the mechanism of the a-etogluterate dehydrogenase complex. 1. Stabilizes a carbanion due to decarboxylation 2. Allows for the splitting of the carbon skeleton from the electron pair generated in a redox reaction 3. Enzyme bond electron carrier that is part of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 4. Final electron acceptor in the overall reaction catalyzed by this complex 1 2 3 4 answer choices: lipoamide, biotin, 2 Fe - 2S cluster, TPP, NAD+, FAD
Please select the correct op
Match each reaction with its standard free‑energy change. What is the net standard free‑energy change of the payoff phase of glycolysis (with lactate as the end product)?
What if the phosphate group for the glycolysis reaction with enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was from ATP instead of Pi? What would the complete, balanced, net rxn of glycoslysisequation be and how does this impact the overall glycolysis rxn?
Fatty acid oxidation for energy yield occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and for palmitate as one example, generates [FADN2, NADH, and Acetyle-CoA or FADH, GTP, and NADPH] , all of which can be converted to ATP (108 of them to be exact) via oxidative phosphorylation. This is a [greater or smaller] yield of ATP per carbon atom compared to glucose. Ketogenesis is a process where acetyl-CoA (including that from breakdown of fatty acids) is converted to ketone bodies under conditions where carbohydrates are [in excess or liminting] . Acetoacetate and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate are delivered from liver to the blood stream where they provide energy for [cardiac and skeletal muscle as well as brain or synthesis of glycogen] . [Insulin or glucagon] promotes ketogenesis by stimulating fatty acid export from adipose tissue.
The following two reactions are coupled in the last step of glycolysis (catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase). РЕР + Н.О € Руr + Pi ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O AG° = -14.8 kcal/mol AG° = +7.3 kcal/mol D) The steady-state concentrations of ATP, ADP, and pyruvate in human erythrocytes are 2.24 mM, 0.25 mM, and 0.051 mM, respectively. What would be the concentration of PEP in these cells if the coupled reaction was at equilibrium?
Why does PGAL have the highest potential energy of glycolysis?
Draw OUT THE arrow pushing reaction mechanism for the following steps of glycolysis: SHOW/IDENTIFY the arrow pushing mechanism in at least 2 steps. CH,OPO CH,OH hexokinase 2+ H H H H H H ОН + ATP OH H ADP + H+ H ОН + НО HO OH H ОН H ОН Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) Glucose
One process catalyzed by NADHNADH dehydrogenase is NADH+H^++ubiquinone ↽−−⇀ NAD+ubiquinolNADH+H^++ubiquinone ↽−−⇀⁢ NAD^++ubiquinol The standard reduction potentials for the half‑reactions are given in the table. Oxidant Reductant ?′0 ubiquinone+2H++2e−ubiquinone+2⁢H++2⁢e^− ubiquinolubiquinol 0.045 NAD^++H^++2e−NAD^++H^++2⁢e^− NADHNADH –0.32 Calculate Δ?′0 for the reaction as shown. Δ?′0=____(V) Calculate Δ?′0 . Δ?′0=____(kJ/mol)
All dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the TCA cycle use NAD* (E° for NAD*/NADH is -0.32V) as electron acceptor except succinate dehydrogenase (which uses FAD (E° for FAD/FADH2 is 0.05V). Based on AG° = -NFEº, show and state (1-2 sentences) why is FAD a more appropriate electron acceptor than NAD* in the dehydrogenation of succinate (consider the E° values of %3D Uptake in Na+ Vmax Uptake in absence of Na+ Vmax substrate K: (mM) Kt (mM) L-leucine 420 0.24 23 0.2 D-Leucine 310 4.7 5 4.7 L-valine 225 0.31 19 0.31 fumarate/succinate (E° = 0.031), NAD*/NADH, and the succinate dehydrogenase FAD/FADH2).
Identify the structure of the metabolites below, and name their glycolytic enzyme and metabolic step: Glucose 6-phosphoglucose 1-phosphoglucose Fructose 1-, 6-biphosphofructose Phosphoenol pyruvate 2-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate Lactate o Pyruvate

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