Which of the following is NOT true when comparing epithelial and mesenchymal cells.A) Epithelial and mesenchymal cells differ in their DNA content.B Epithelial and mesenchymal cells secrete different types of extracellular matrix molecules.C Epithelial cells are stationary whereas mesenchyme cells are motile.D Mesenchymal cells can invade tissues to form organs in new places.E) Epithelial cells express a different type of cadherin than mesenchymal cell. Which of the following is an illustration of regional specificity?Wing epidermal epithelium produces wing feather when exposed to wing dermal mesenchyme but will produce scalesand claw when exposed to foot dermal mesenchyme.B) An inducing signal from the optic vesicle is necessary for new gene expression in the lens ectoderm.Contact with the appropriate extracellular matrix is sufficient for cells to express differentiation-specific genes.When implanted in the newt embryo, the frog oral ectoderm can only differentiate into frog derivatives and will notDdifferentiate into newt derivatives.The epidermis signals the underlying dermis to create condensations and the dermal condensations then signal theepidermis to form specific cutaneous structures.

All the cells in human body are genetically identical except the gametes. This is true because all…

Answered: Which of the following is NOT true when…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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When a cell transitions from one type to another (for example in the case of gastrulation), what must be causing this transition at a molecular level? (i.e. what is the possible mechanism for this transition)?
In the film, Dr. Jablonski explains that melanin, located in the top layer of human skin, absorbs UV radiation, protecting cells from the damaging effects of UV. Genetics determines the type of melanin (i.e., brown/black eumelanin or red/brown pheomelanin) and the amount of melanin present in an individual’s cells. Based on this information, write a hypothesis for where in the world you would expect to find human populations with darker or lighter skin pigmentation (i.e., different amounts of melanin). Explain how you could test this hypothesis.
Overexpression of the Myc protein is a common feature of many types of cancer cells, contributing to their excessive cell growth and proliferation. By contrast, when Myc is overexpressed in most normal cells, the result is not excessive proliferation, but cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis.Which one of the following statements provides the most likely explanation for why overexpression of Myc can have such different outcomes in normal cells and in cancer cells? A. Normal cells contain checks and balances that prevent Myc-induced proliferation. B. In normal cells, Myc protein acts as a mediator in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. C. The target protein for Myc-induced proliferation is missing from most normal cells. D. In normal cells, when Myc is overexpressed, the excess Myc protein precipitates.
Identify which of the 4 types of cell junctions are involved or being targeted in each of the following scenarios: a. Bacteria crosses from the blood into the brain b. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) moves from one cell to another in a tobacco plant c. Material leaks from the small intestines into the tissues in a Crohn’s disease patient d. Sheets of skin peel off in a patient with Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) e. Cardiac arrhythmia caused by disrupted flow of ions between cardiac muscle cells
In terms of ethical considerations, are there advantages/disadvantages to using ES and/or iPS?Describe what may be ethical vs unethical for each cell type.
What does "potency" mean in the context of stem cells? The power of cells to influence their surroundings The ability of cells to differentiate into specialized cell types The ability of cells to survive under harsh environmental or culture conditions Both A and B
Researchers sought to grow blood vessels in a lab for implantation into patients with clogged coronary arteries. To avoid immune rejection, they wanted to grow vessels by starting with patients own vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, most patients requiring coronary artery replacement are elderly, and their vascular SMCs do not divide often enough to grow a new vessel. To get around this problem, the researchers introduced into the cells the gene coding for a particular protein in a format through which the gene would be transcribed and the protein produced. What gene was introduced into the elderly patients' SMCs to allow continued cell divisions? O primase O telomerase ODNA polymerase O telomere capping protein O topoisomerase A
Which of the following are charcteristics you would expect of a circulating tumor cell that has undergone Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (select all that apply)? A. Increased N-cahedrin expression B. Increased resistance to apoptosis C. Loss of ability to secrete fibronectin D. High cytokeratin expression E. Elevated PDGF Receptor Expression
The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of cell that became cancerous to give rise to the tumor. For some tumors that have colonized a distant location (metastasized), identifying the parental cell type can be difficult. Because the type of IF protein expressed is cell-type-specific, using monoclonal antibodies that react with only one type of IF protein can help in this identification. What IF proteins would you produce monoclonal antibodies against to identify (a) a sarcoma of muscle cell origin, (b) an epithelial cell carcinoma, and (c) an astrocytoma (glial cell tumor)?
Many common medications function by interrupting the normal operation of certain signal transduction pathways. Which of the following describes a possible mechanism by which a certain medication may interrupt a signal transduction pathway? A A medication enters the target cell and triggers apoptosis by causing the release of di- gestive enzymes from cell lysosomes. B A medication interacts with the phospholipid bi-layer of the cell membrane and in- creases its permeability. с D A medication binds to membrane-bound glucose proteins and acts as an allosteric in- hibitor that prevents the intake of glucose by the cell. A medication diffuses through the membrane of a target cell and inhibits an enzyme that normally synthesizes a second messenger.
In normally dividing cells, once chromosomes have been properly segregated via the steps of mitosis, the two resulting “daughter cells” separate. In animal cells (and other cell types without a cell wall) the contractile ring plays a crucial role in the process of cytokinesis. Exactly how the contractile ring is accurately positioned, so as to be located midway between the two poles (ends) of the dividing cell, is still not fully understood, although factors released from the mitotic spindle are thought to play a role.Regardless of the precise positioning mechanism, one key player in the assembly of the contractile ring is the GTP/GDP binding protein Rho. In its active form, Rho can stimulate the activity of the actin-binding protein formin and (via effects on the myosin regulatory light chain) that of myosin II. Given their respective roles, why might activation of formin and myosin II be beneficial as cells assemble a functional contractile ring structure?
Understand how a cancer cell from a primary benign tumor is able to leave the primary benign tumor and enter the blood stream or lymph (migration), start to adhere and grow in a nearby environment like a blood vessel near an organ (invasion) and enter into a new organ to grow and form a secondary tumor ( extravasation). What proteins would be involved in these steps and what molecular changes in the ECM or basal lamina would need to occur as well as the cancer cell for this process to happen.

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