Human cells divide every day for normal growth, replacement of cells, and tissue repair. The dividing cells proceed through the three phases of the cell cycle as shown in the figure. When a person experiences a cut, damaged skin cells secrete a protein called epidermal growth factor (EGF). Epidermal (skin) cells in the vicinity of the injury possess proteins in their cell membranes called epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) Cancer can result from disruptions in cell cycle control. Mutations that increase the production of EGFR have been associated with skin cancer of the head and neck. Describe how a mutation outside of the coding region of a gene that encodes EGFR could lead to the overproduction of EGFR protein in a skin cell.

Q: Treatment is often seen as the most important tool for fighting cancer. Do a brief research study on…

A: The most common treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Other options include targeted…

Q: Describe what happens to the G1 cell cycle check point of a skin cell that is stimulated to divide…

A: Transformation of cells from one phase of the cell cycle to another is controlled by some external…

Q: axol® is an example of a drug that prevents mitosis phase from occurring. How this Taxol useful as a…

A: Taxol is one of the most commonly used and effective chemotherapy drugs for cancer. One of the main…

Q: Sometimes a cells "deal with" damaged DNA by just killing off the cell. This special cellular…

A: The process of apoptosis is important for the normal functioning of the immune system of the body.…

Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?     an increase in density…

A: Cancer is a cellular disease. Cancer leads to enormous and uncontrolled cell growth. Cancer cells…

Q: Discuss the connection between cell division and cancer cells? How do cancer cells divide…

A: Cancer is the disease of cells in which the controls that normally restrict cell proliferation do…

Q: Cancer cells can secrete factors which promote the formation of new blood vessels. The formation of…

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells divide in an uncontrolled manner and spread to different…

Q: Which of the following is a trait that is detrimental to cancer cell progression? Drug Resistance…

A: Cancer is the uncontrolled cell division or proliferation that is achieved due to the loss of cell…

Q: Some male veterans of the Gulf War in Iraq claim that their children have birth defects that were…

A: Meiosis is the process in which sex cells divide and create new sex cells with half the number of…

Q: John Doe presented to his doctor with an abnormal mole on the left side of his face. Under the…

A: The word 'prognosis; refers to a prediction of the disease that what to come, concerning progression…

Q: Disorder 2 is associated with the..... chose one 1. mitochondria 2. lysosome 3. ribosome 4.…

A: Every cell has different organelles and every organelle is specified to do a specific function. For…

Q: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is a peptide hormone (ligand) that binds and activates IGF receptor…

A: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) is an enzyme that belongs to the family of enzymes known as  protein…

Q: Now that you know a little bit about how mitosis relates to cancer, it’s your turn to propose a…

A: The most common type of cell division is mitosis. Mitosis is used for the cell growth and repair.…

Q: Regulation of the cell cycle is very important. Explain what may happen if the mechanisms regulating…

A: A cell's growth and division are accompanied by a sequence of processes known as a cell cycle.…

Q: metastatic tra

A: Metastatic cancers are notoriously difficult to treat as they easily spread to other parts of body…

Q: Assuming that apoptosis fails and the cell continues through several cell cycles... what would the…

A: Introduction  Almost all cells in the body can divide and form new daughter cells however, there…

Q: Identify the manipulated variable and the responding variable for the study.

A: Manipulative variable in an experiment is the one variable of the experiment that the scientist…

Q: Certain types of cancerous lung tumors can secrete hormones normally made by the pancreas, adrenal…

A: Lung neoplasms are a form of cancer that occurs in the lung cells most likely in individuals who…

Q: Stem cells will form scar tissue when inflammatory signals are high. true or fase, explain

A: Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, including fibroblasts that are involved in…

Q: Homologous chromosomes a) are formed when the chromosomes separated during anaphase b) are a set of…

A: Chromosomes are structures made of DNA and proteins that carry an organism's genetic information.…

Q: Cell division is carefully regulated and coordinated in eukaryotic cells by protein kinases that…

A: The division of all cells must be carefully regulated and coordinated with both cell growth and DNA…

Q: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. The exact cause of breast cancer is…

A: Breast cancer is a disease characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the breast tissue.…

Q: Why are rapidly growing cancers that originate in nervous tissue more likely to be composed of…

A: Cancer is a disease that occurs when a cell loses its control over proliferation. The cell keeps on…

Q: Unlike many other diseases, the vast majority of cancers in humans are not transmissible - meaning a…

A: Cancer is "referred" to as any abnormal growth of cell tissue. Cancer can develop anywhere in the…

Q: Much remains unknown about the rapid, uncontrolled growth, or what causes a tumor to metastasize.…

A: Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. A…

Q: Cancer can arise spontaneously, but it can also be induced as a result of environmental factors such…

A: Cancer is a collection of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth. Cancer arises…

Q: Cancer cells differ from normal cells in several ways. One of the hallmarks of cancer cells is…

A: Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases known to man. It is a disease of the genomes and is…

Q: Which of the following is not an internal or external factor that controls cell division? a…

A: Cell division is a highly controlled process that is under tight regulation of both external and…

Q: Review Concept 12.3 Cell Cycle Regulation. Match the term and its description. Each term can only be…

A: Cell cycle involves a series of events taking place in a cell during growth and division. Cell cycle…

Q: Which of the following is not true of cancer cells? Select one: O a. they release a growth factor…

A: The one criteria amongst following sentences, that is not true about Cancerous cells is : ( e ) :…

Q: HeLa Cells are the most widely used human cell line. They have been used in thousands of studies,…

A: The question is asking for an opinion on whether scientists should be allowed to use cells for…

Q: Explain in your own words why cancer is often referred to as a disease of the cell cycle.

A: Cell Cycle is an event that controls the cell division. It is divided into following four phases- G1…

Q: A researcher is studying the effects of a novel cancer drug on cell division and comparing the new…

A: Mitotic index It is defined as the ratio of the total number of cells of a specific population that…

Q: Describe what a telomere is, and explain its role in cancer cells’ unlimited ability to divide.

A: A telomere is the end of a chromosome. It is made of repetitive sequences of non-coding DNA that…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.