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Stem cells will form scar tissue when inflammatory signals are high. true or fase, explain
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- Carina is a 15-year-old girl who presents with acute-onset skin eruptions on her face. A punch biopsy obtained from her normal skin is shown in the figure below. Which cells synthesize the structure labeled by the black arrow in the figure? Describe its characteristics.What are hemidesmosomes? Structures that anchor the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. Cell adhesion molecules that are associated with actin filaments near the plasma membrane. Cell junctions that allow for passage of ions directly between cells. cellular junctions that anchor the epidermis to the papillary layer of the dermis.Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is, as its name suggests, stored in and secreted by platelets. Platelets release PDGF in the vicinity of wounds as part of their participation in the clotting response. PDGF, in turn, stimulates the proliferation of nearby fibroblasts, which help in the wound healing process. When, however, the PDGF gene is mutated or inappropriately expressed, it can lead to cancer. Why, then, does the wound healing response not lead to similar uncontrolled cell division?
- Reports in the media about stem cells usually state that they “turn into any kind of cell in the body.” Explain why this statement is only partially correct, including a description of how a stem cell maintains the population of stem cells.Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus produce exfoliative toxin, a chemical that causes portions of the entire outer layer of the skin to be sloughed off in a disease called scalded skin syndrome.Given that cells of the outer layer are going to fall off anyway, why is thisdisease dangerous?Explain the property that prevents normal cells from becoming cancerous.
- Cancer is a complicated series of diseases characterized by over-proliferation of cells within a tissue. While in some instances the primary tumor is the ultimate cause of death, in many cases the primary tumor metastasizes, or moves, through the lymph system to invade other tissues. The migration of tumor cells requires changes in the adhesion properties of the cell that allow it to move and invade more readily. There are several molecules involved in cell-to-cell connections and cellular architecture: laminins, matrix metalloproteinases, cadherins, and integrins. While mutations in genes that control the cell cycle or recognize DNA damage are the causes of tumor cell formation, tumor cell spread to other tissues may be caused by mutations in the genes the code for these extracellular proteins. The loss of cellular connections, cellular identification and signaling, and tissue structure may lead to the release of expanding tumor cells into the circulatory and lymphatic systems. Once…Define Langerhans cellTim scraped his knee during a fall and it needs to be repaired. The closest skin cells begin sending out growth factors through paracrine signaling to tell all nearby skin cells to start replicating to repair the damaged area. What are the next steps once the message is sent? The growth factors are packaged into a vesicle and secreted from a cell that acts upon all nearby cells. The cells start dividing. The growth factors are packaged into a vesicle and secreted from a cell that acts upon target cells near and far. The cells start mitosis. The growth factors are packaged into a vesicle and secreted from a cell that acts upon only a target nearby cell. The cell starts swelling up. The growth factors are packaged into a vesicle and embedded into the plasma membrane where it is detected by other cells. The cells produce more proteins.
- Explain the role of cell division in wound healing.In order for certain cancers to propagate, they require a growth factor known as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). What does VEGF signal the cell to do and how does this promote the propagation of cancer cells?Mark and label the locations of pluripotent stem cells, adult/tissue stem cells and somatic cells in the diagram to the right. What potency is the red cell on top?