Epithelial surfaces provide the first line of defense against infection by the use of several types of mechanisms. One of the chemical mechanisms used by epithelia is: Joining of epithelial cells by tight junctions Secretion of antimicrobial peptides by epithelial cells Production of mucus, tears, or saliva in the nose, eyes, and oral cavity Movement of mucus by cilia Peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract

Q: How does antibiotic therapy predispose a person to this condition?

A: A person suffering from PC/pseudomembranous colitis might experience the following symptoms: Watery…

Q: Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself…

A: Introduction :- Some organs and bodily cavities have a wet inner lining (such as the nose, mouth,…

Q: Where are mucous membranes found in the bodyand what do they consist of? How do they preventpathogen…

A: The non-specific defense is provided to the body by the physical defense. The physical defense…

Q: What feature of the skin creates a physical barrier to microbial invasion? Group of answer choices…

A: Introduction:- The covering, or integument, of the body's surface that simultaneously offers…

Q: Which of the following is not true about the complementsystem?(a) It is a set of more than 20…

A: The complement system is otherwise known as complement cascade and is associated with the immune…

Q: Which of the following statements is false regarding phagocytosis? It can ingest large particles. It…

A: Introduction   Phagocytosis is the mechanism by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a…

Q: Mycobacteria are intracellular pathogens that have adapted to life inside phagocytic cells, such as…

A: Mycobacterium is obligate aerobes. Mycobacteria infect mononuclear phagocytes. Mycobacteria are…

Q: Explain the role of phagocytic cells in wound healing.

A: Phagocytic cells are a type of cell that engulfs and destroys foreign particles or pathogens. These…

Q: Describe how the skin and mucus membranes help to prevent infection

A: The skin forms the largest organ in the body of an organism. It has the area of approximately 20…

Q: With ischemia, which of the following occurs in cells? Decreased: 1) sodium diffusion into cells 2)…

A: Ischemia is the reduced blood flow causing a shortage of oxygen in the body. Reduced availability of…

Q: Name two physical barriers that prevent microorganismsfrom entering the body. In what ways are…

A: Microorganism referred to as those organisms that are single-celled and can only be visualized using…

Q: Our bodies are covered in bacteria, even pathogenic strains. Name and describe three defenses our…

A: The skin is the largest organ of the human body. The skin, along with its derivatives, such as hair,…

Q: During inflammation, this mechanism results in capillaries becoming more permeable enabling plasma…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a special class of nonspecific cell-derived mediators with…

A: innate system of immunity is the first defense of the body . anti microbial peptides are part of the…

Q: Clot and scab formation occur as part of this process: Group of answer choices   cytolysis…

A: clots, which turn into scabs as they dry, are created by a type of blood cell called a platelet. The…

Q: External defenses against microbial invasion include the_____and the mucous membranes that line…

A: 1= SKIN

Q: Which of the following statements are TRUE about the process of inflammation? (Select all that…

A: Inflammation refers to the  body's process of fighting against infections, injuries, and toxins, in…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of the physical, mechanical, and chemical barriers at body…

A: Our bodies are always susceptible to attack by a wide variety of foreign invaders/pathogens. Several…

Q: Pathogen entry via aerosolized droplets is associated with ……………….mode of entry.

A: Aerosols are small small particles which have  less then 25 micrometre radius. Thay are really very…

Q: What chemicals produced in the skin help provide barriers to bacteria? List at least three and…

A: To avoid contamination from bacteria, the skin protects nearly all areas of the body. It quickly…

Q: Macrophages perform the final job of removingtissue debris and other products of infection.Indicate…

A: Macrophages are large specialised cells which are important in immune system. They are formed in…

Q: How many types of “foreign molecules” (use the proper term where needed) does each cell recognize?…

A: Antigens can be classified according to their source: Antigens from outside the body Exogenous…

Q: Which of the following would most likely increase a person's risk of invasion by pathogenic…

A: Pathogenic microorganisms are single cell microorganisms observable only under the microscope.…

Q: Homeostasis is essential for health and survival. Describe several ways in which infection may…

A: Homeostasis can be defined as the ability of the body to maintain a steady internal environment.…

Q: Macrophages perform the fi nal job of removing tissue debris and other products of infection.…

A: Macrophages are the cleaner of the immune system and perform various immune related functions in the…

Q: When macrophages in a tissue encounter bacteria, they release cytokines that induce an inflammatory…

A: Introduction: A large group of proteins, glycoproteins, or peptides that are found to be formed by…

Q: All of the following are methods intracellular pathogens can use to survive inside a host cell…

A: Pathogens are the organisms which upon entering in to the  host causes infectious diseases.…

Q: The concentration of which of the following proteins will most likely decrease in association with…

A: Inflammation Inflammation is the natural process of healing in organisms.

Q: Which is NOT a role of sebum in the innate immune system. Group of answer choices dehydrates…

A: Sebaceous glands are present on the skin. The glands are mostly present on the chin, forehead and…

Q: Explain the mononuclear phagocyte system in detail.

A: The human body has a highly specialized immune system that is responsible for alerting the body…

Q: Match the steps of phagocytosis with the description. Chemotaxis [ Choose ] Binding [ Choose ] […

A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…

Q: Which is an example of chemotaxis? the attachment of phagocytes to a microorganism by binding to…

A: Introduction  A reaction that takes place within an organism with the goal of protecting it from…

Q: suppose than individual's arm is cut, and because of this injury, bacteria are able to gain entry to…

A: When it comes to protecting the body then immune system is the system that acts as defense mechanism…

Q: Identify the major mechanical and chemical defenses that protect internal tissues from microbial…

A: Natural barriers comprise the skin, mucous membranes, tears, earwax, mucus, and stomach…

Q: Endothelial budding

A: It is also known as angiogenesis. It is the process by which new blood vessels are formed from…

Q: Describe a scenario in which microorganisms invadebody tissues. What factors allow for the migration…

A: Microorganisms are present everywhere in the environment. The body remains protected from these…

Q: ormal tissues contain resident macrophages, and connective tissue sites in the gastrointestinal…

A: As we know Cells of the immune system are majorly composed of white blood cells. These white blood…

Q: What is the role of the following types of cells in wound healing. I) labile cells II) stable…

A: Wound healing is a complex process and involves a interplayer of lot of cells and enzymes. On the…

Q: Why is the nervous system vulnerable to microbial invasion?

A: Answer:  Nervous system = This is the part of the vertebrates where it controls the coordination…

Q: During the inflammatory response, the reasoning for the heat felt at the site of inflammation is…

A: Inflammation is a defense response observed at the site of tissue damage or injury, it is caused due…

Q: Microbial recognition and tissue damage initiate an inflammatory response.  True/False

A: The body is protected from the invasion of foreign antigen by several layers of immune defense…

Q: Our environment contains masses of microorganisms, many of which reside as commensal organisms on…

A: There are various kinds of interactions between the different organisms in the ecosystem in order to…