How are new cells generated and how do they specialize?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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How are new cells generated and how do they specialize?

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Cells are the basic unit of all living organism, and their multiplication and specification is the basis of diverse life forms in the world. New cells develop from pre-existing cells through a cellular mechanism called cell division. In this method, the cells duplicate all its contents and divide equally to produce two identical daughter cells. After formation, cells specialize in order to perform different functions, which is achieved by the process of cell differentiation. In this process, the newly synthesized cells express a specific set of genes in response to various internal and external signals; this leads to the alteration in shape and size of the cell, and with maturation, each cell type becomes specialized to perform specific functions for which they have been specialized.

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