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1) One cell-signaling pathway implicated in the regulation of cell division is the mTOR/Akt pathway. 'TOR is a protein that stimulates the translation of other proteins, which is an important requirement for cell division. In the absence of growth factor signals from the cell's environment, the proteins TSC1 and TSC2 will physically bind to each other, which allows them to inhibit mTOR from functioning. However, when membrane receptors do encounter certain growth factors from the environment, they will result in the activation of a protein called Akt. Once activated, Akt will phosphorylate TSC2, preventing it from being able to physically bind to TSC1.

1) One cell-signaling pathway implicated in the regulation of cell division is the mTOR/Akt pathway. 'TOR is a protein that stimulates the translation of other proteins, which is an important requirement for cell division. In the absence of growth factor signals from the cell's environment, the proteins TSC1 and TSC2 will physically bind to each other, which allows them to inhibit mTOR from functioning. However, when membrane receptors do encounter certain growth factors from the environment, they will result in the activation of a protein called Akt. Once activated, Akt will phosphorylate TSC2, preventing it from being able to physically bind to TSC1.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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1) One cell-signaling pathway implicated in the regulation of cell division is the mTOR/Akt pathway. mTOR is a protein that stimulates the translation of other proteins, which is an important requirement for cell division. In the absence of growth factor signals from the cell's environment, the proteins TSC1 and TSC2 will physically bind to each other, which allows them to inhibit mTOR from functioning. However, when membrane receptors do encounter certain growth factors from the environment, they will result in the activation of a protein called Akt. Once activated, Akt will phosphorylate TSC2, preventing it from being able to physically bind to TSC1. a) In the description of the cellular signaling pathway above, four genes and their respective encoded proteins were mentioned: TSC1, TSC2, mTOR, and Akt, In the table below, identify which of these is/are acting as proto-oncogene (s), and which is/are acting as tumour suppressor(s) by writing the appropriate names in the correct column. Proto-oncogene(s) Tumour suppressor(s) 2) Tumours can be classed into two general categories: benign and malignant. What is different between a benign and malignant tumour, based on the behavior of proto- oncogenes and tumour suppressors?
Transcribed Image Text:1) One cell-signaling pathway implicated in the regulation of cell division is the mTOR/Akt pathway. mTOR is a protein that stimulates the translation of other proteins, which is an important requirement for cell division. In the absence of growth factor signals from the cell's environment, the proteins TSC1 and TSC2 will physically bind to each other, which allows them to inhibit mTOR from functioning. However, when membrane receptors do encounter certain growth factors from the environment, they will result in the activation of a protein called Akt. Once activated, Akt will phosphorylate TSC2, preventing it from being able to physically bind to TSC1. a) In the description of the cellular signaling pathway above, four genes and their respective encoded proteins were mentioned: TSC1, TSC2, mTOR, and Akt, In the table below, identify which of these is/are acting as proto-oncogene (s), and which is/are acting as tumour suppressor(s) by writing the appropriate names in the correct column. Proto-oncogene(s) Tumour suppressor(s) 2) Tumours can be classed into two general categories: benign and malignant. What is different between a benign and malignant tumour, based on the behavior of proto- oncogenes and tumour suppressors?
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