When high levels of unfolded proteins are detected in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a eukaryotic cell responds by increasing the gene expression of chaperone proteins, which help proteins to fold correctly. BİP is a chaperone protein. You detect amounts of BiP MRNA and protein in the absence and presence of unfolded protein in the ER of a eukaryotic cell as shown in the figure below. a. Describe two specific biological processes that the cell could regulate in order to increase the amount of BiP protein. Briefly explain your answer using the information from figures A & B. A BiP MRNA expression BiP protein expression No unfolded proteins in ER No unfolded Unfolded Unfolded proteins in ER proteins in ER proteins in ER

Q: targeting a protein for the ER

A: The production of proteins for getting into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is started on the free…

Q: a. Panels G, H, and I show pattters wher fluorescence is detected in the cytosol or internal…

A: In the panels G, H, and I, the same β5 subunit of G protein is associated with different γ subunits.…

Q: Dynamic instability is the phenomenon by which microtubules undergo rapid growth and disassembly.…

A: Dynamic instability is the phenomenon by which microtubules undergo rapid growth and disassembly.…

Q: Select the best explanation of the unfolded protein response (UPR): O A. The UPR senses misfolded…

A: When the protein is completely formed it is folded accordingly yo form a biologically active protein…

Q: Create a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the process of gene expression in Bacteria versus…

A: Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a template DNA strand. Translation forms…

Q: This figure below shows the organization of a protein that will end up in the ER membrane . The…

A: Translocation: The term translocation is the process or a genetic change that occurs when a piece of…

Q: Transcriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac repressor), antisense RNA, and feedback inhibition are…

A: The antisense RNA, transcriptional repressor proteins, and feedback inhibition are different…

Q: lactose is present in a cell with the following genotype, will functional Beta – galactosidase…

A: Lac operon is used by Ecoli to metabolize lactose when glucose is not available  It produces beta…

Q: As discussed in Lipids 3, SREBPs are a type of transcription factor involved in lipid homeostasis.…

A: The full form of  SREBPs is Sterol regulatory element binding proteinsSREBPsare composed of two…

Q: Describe the synthesis of the c-Jun protein starting with the synthesis of the protein’s mRNA…

A: C-Jun protein : It is a protein that in human's encoded by the Jun-Gene and it is the combination…

Q: The following images represent confocal images of cells with full-length Mira protein (Mira 1-830),…

A: Confocal microscopy creates an image of a specimen by filtering out the out-of-focus light coming…

Q: Which best describes the fate of this protein?

A: The correct answer to this question is: The protein remains in the cytosol

Q: Imagine that you are working with DNA sequences of membrane proteins) and have the technology to…

A: Protein synthesis can be mediated by membrane free ribosome or membrane bound ribosome. Actually the…

Q: A cultured mouse cell line has a mutation in a gene encoding a ribosomal protein. The mutant protein…

A: Chaperones are a kind of protein with similar properties that aid in protein folding. These proteins…

Q: The enzyme invertase is usually found outside the cells of yeast. the enzyme also has 3…

A: The synthesis of glycoproteins necessitates the use of two cell organelles. The endoplasmic…

Q: Describe the process of protein synthesis and trafficking of a protein, a lysosomal hydrolase,…

A: The targetting of specific protein depends on their mode of synthesis. The proteins of lysosome,…

Q: When high levels of unfolded proteins are detected in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a eukaryotic…

A: Genes are DNA segments that code for specific proteins.

Q: Briefly describe an experiment you could perform to isolate ER-associated ribosomes and test if…

A: Ribosomes are cell organelles that are the site of important cellular processes such as translation…

Q: Based on the labels you should be able to recognize the characteristic structure depicted below and…

A: Introduction The Process Of Turning Nucleic Acid Information Into Amino Acids Is Known As…

Q: A. Dr. Randy Schekman introduced you to a yeast model system for studying membrane fusion and…

A: "Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first two subparts for…

Q: A particular error in the CFTR gene results in the replacement of the amino acid Phe with Ser at…

A: Cystic fibrosis is a type of autosomal recessive disorder which causes improper ion transport &…

Q: Termicin is a small antifungal protein in termites that is produced by cells and secreted into…

A: The DNA sequence containing the termicin-encoding gene is transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus of…

Q: Which of the following statements is CORRECT for a protein with an N-terminal ER signal sequence? O…

A: Proteins synthesized by membrane bound ribosomes translocate the ER membrane co translationally. %…

Q: Notch is an important transmembrane receptor that is present on the plasma membrane. Curiously, it…

A: Introduction When Exposed To Light In The Blue To Ultraviolet Range, The Green Fluorescent Protein…

Q: pxylation and cros yzed by lysyl hydr- aares transcrintion aases

A: Mutation :- Mutation is alteration in nucleotide sequence of genome either it is virus or any…

Q: A KDEL sequence is necessary for ... Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the…

A: According to certain theories, the KDEL receptor controls COPI transport. The development of COPI…

Q: 1)You add a drug to cells that can pass through hydrophilic or hydrobic environments (e.g.,…

A: Proteins are synthesized with the help of ribosomes. Ribosomes are present as free of bound to the…

Q: Match the following with what organelle (one per blank) it is designated to go (letter can be used…

A: According to the question, we have to make a match the following with what organelle. So, let us…

Q: An integral membrane protein has an ER signal sequence near its N terminus and a stop transfer…

A: Transcription: It is processed to convert DNA into RNA. It is part of the central dogma. It is…

Q: Imagine a protein that normally functions in the nucleus. If you added an ER signal sequence to the…

A: The translation of proteins occurs by membrane free ribosomes or by membrane bound ribosomes. The…

Q: Rather surprisingly, some cellular components that we know best from our study of nuclear protein…

A: Nuclear protein import is a selective process where all nuclear proteins are cytoplasm-synthesized…

Q: bacterial cell needs to synthesize arginine if it is absent in the environment. If arginine is…

A: Answer is repressible type of cell regulation.

Q: Hac1 is another chaperone protein that is up-regulated in response to unfolded proteins in the ER.…

A: Introduction  Proteins are essential biomolecules that play a wide range of roles in controlling…

Q: Acidification is achieved by an H+ pump in the endosomal membrane, which also contains Cl– channels.…

A: Vacuolar H+ ATPase proton pumps that are also involved in mitochondrial ATP generation are…

Q: A current focus of molecular medicine is to trigger or promote apoptosis of specific cells. several…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: Transport of histidine into a bacterial cell was measured at several different histidine…

A: The kinetics of transport of a molecule via a carrier protein and a protein channel differ from each…

Q: What molecules are present in regions of gel corresponding to A?        What happens upon…

A: A family of transcription factors known as "heat shock factors" (HSFs) is essential for the cellular…

Q: In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you…

A: Melanoma is a kind of skin disease that creates when melanocytes (the cells that give the skin its…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.