THERMODYNAMICS The following reversible, coupled reaction is used for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. As written, the forward version of this reaction has a AG° = -19 kJ/mol: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP E→ 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP What happens thermodynamically inside of a cell that explains why this reaction can be used during gluconeogenesis? (A) The reaction proceeds spontaneously in the gluconeogenic direction because it is inherently exergonic in this direction. (B) This reaction is endergonic in the gluconeogenic direction, but phosphoglycerate kinase drives the reaction forward inside of cells. (C) During gluconeogenesis, ATP hydrolysis provides enough free energy to power the reaction forward. (D) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] higher than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells. (E) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] lower than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells.
THERMODYNAMICS The following reversible, coupled reaction is used for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. As written, the forward version of this reaction has a AG° = -19 kJ/mol: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP E→ 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP What happens thermodynamically inside of a cell that explains why this reaction can be used during gluconeogenesis? (A) The reaction proceeds spontaneously in the gluconeogenic direction because it is inherently exergonic in this direction. (B) This reaction is endergonic in the gluconeogenic direction, but phosphoglycerate kinase drives the reaction forward inside of cells. (C) During gluconeogenesis, ATP hydrolysis provides enough free energy to power the reaction forward. (D) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] higher than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells. (E) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] lower than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells.
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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![THERMODYNAMICS
The following reversible, coupled reaction is used for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. As
written, the forward version of this reaction has a AG° = -19 kJ/mol:
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP E→ 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP
What happens thermodynamically inside of a cell that explains why this reaction can be used during
gluconeogenesis?
(A) The reaction proceeds spontaneously in the gluconeogenic direction because it is inherently
exergonic in this direction.
(B) This reaction is endergonic in the gluconeogenic direction, but phosphoglycerate kinase drives the
reaction forward inside of cells.
(C) During gluconeogenesis, ATP hydrolysis provides enough free energy to power the reaction
forward.
(D) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] higher
than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells.
(E) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] lower
than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells.
Table 15.1 Standard free energies of hydrolysis (AG") of some phosphorylated
compounds
Compound
kJ mol-
kcal mol-
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
-61.9
-14.8
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG)
-49.4
-11.8
Creatine phosphate
-43.1
-10.3
ATP (to ADP)
-30.5
-7.3
Glucose 1-phosphate
-20.9
-5.0
Pyrophosphate (PP,)
Glucose 6-phosphate
-19.3
-4.6
-13.8
-3.3
Glycerol 3-phosphate
-9.2
-2.2
Related to this question, you should also be able to:
use a hydrolysis table (above) to explain the thermodynamics of this coupled reaction
outline other thermodynamic forces that are used to power enzymatic steps of metabolism
Focus on the thermodynamics of the CAC, glycolysis, and nucleotide metabolism.
explain how glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are reciprocally regulated to control flux through
the two pathways
Focus on how the 3 regulatory enzymes of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis are controlled by energy and hormones.
You won't be expected to know details of how PFK2/FBPase2 is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5b0bc7a0-1fbd-4d26-9cb7-1c6a929d34ba%2F64801dd0-e9b3-4595-823a-de744e8bf1d6%2Fe5sh9q_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:THERMODYNAMICS
The following reversible, coupled reaction is used for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. As
written, the forward version of this reaction has a AG° = -19 kJ/mol:
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP E→ 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP
What happens thermodynamically inside of a cell that explains why this reaction can be used during
gluconeogenesis?
(A) The reaction proceeds spontaneously in the gluconeogenic direction because it is inherently
exergonic in this direction.
(B) This reaction is endergonic in the gluconeogenic direction, but phosphoglycerate kinase drives the
reaction forward inside of cells.
(C) During gluconeogenesis, ATP hydrolysis provides enough free energy to power the reaction
forward.
(D) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] higher
than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells.
(E) The downstream hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate keeps [1,3-bisphosphoglycerate] lower
than [3-phosphoglycerate] inside of cells.
Table 15.1 Standard free energies of hydrolysis (AG") of some phosphorylated
compounds
Compound
kJ mol-
kcal mol-
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
-61.9
-14.8
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG)
-49.4
-11.8
Creatine phosphate
-43.1
-10.3
ATP (to ADP)
-30.5
-7.3
Glucose 1-phosphate
-20.9
-5.0
Pyrophosphate (PP,)
Glucose 6-phosphate
-19.3
-4.6
-13.8
-3.3
Glycerol 3-phosphate
-9.2
-2.2
Related to this question, you should also be able to:
use a hydrolysis table (above) to explain the thermodynamics of this coupled reaction
outline other thermodynamic forces that are used to power enzymatic steps of metabolism
Focus on the thermodynamics of the CAC, glycolysis, and nucleotide metabolism.
explain how glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are reciprocally regulated to control flux through
the two pathways
Focus on how the 3 regulatory enzymes of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis are controlled by energy and hormones.
You won't be expected to know details of how PFK2/FBPase2 is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
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