The image depicts a pedigree chart illustrating the inheritance pattern of a disease linked to a late-onset, dominant, autosomal mutation that is rare and exhibits 50% penetrance. The gene responsible for the disease is associated with a microsatellite marker located 10 cM away, with alleles labeled 1, 2, and 3. The marker alleles present in each individual are shown beneath the pedigree chart.**Pedigree Analysis:**- The pedigree shows a family structure involving two parents and their offspring.- The father is represented as a filled square (indicative of having the disease) with marker alleles 1 and 3.- The mother is depicted as a half-filled circle (suggesting possible carrier status or reduced penetrance) with marker alleles 2 and 2.- Their offspring include one square (male) and one circle (female).- Individual A has alleles 1 and 2, while individual B has alleles 3 and 2.**Questions:**a. **What is the probability that individual A will develop the disease? Explain your reasoning using an illustration of how this occurs.**- **Explanation:** Individual A has received allele 1 from the father and allele 2 from the mother. Since the disease is linked to a dominant allele (likely allele 1 from the father), the probability of inheriting the disease-causing allele is influenced by the linkage and the penetrance: - Transmission probability: 50% (for inheriting allele 1) - Penetrance: 50% Therefore, the probability that individual A will develop the disease is 0.5 (inheritance probability) × 0.5 (penetrance) = 25%.b. **What is the probability that individual B will develop the disease? Explain your reasoning.**- **Explanation:** Individual B has alleles 3 (from the father) and 2 (from the mother). Since allele 3 is not associated with the presence of the disease (as observed in the father), individual B has not inherited the disease-causing allele. Therefore, the probability that individual B will develop the disease is 0%, based on the alleles present and the family history shown in the pedigree.This pedigree demonstrates the complexity of genetic inheritance, especially with factors like penetrance playing a crucial role in disease expression.

Name: The image depicts a pedigree chart illustrating the inheritance patte
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T06:42:55.000Z
Channel: Bartleby
Description: The image depicts a pedigree chart illustrating the inheritance pattern of a disease linked to a late-onset, dominant, autosomal mutation that is rare and exhibits 50% penetrance. The gene responsible for the disease is associated with a microsatell

Late onset meaning pathological conditions whose signs and symptoms manifest late in the life of an individual. example: Alzheimer's disease Autosomal Mutation means mutation in autosomal chromosomes, other than two pair sex chromosomes. There are several disorder which can be linked to this kind of autosomal mutation related. For example, Tuberous sclerosis. In this question, the given data are i. Dominant autosomal mutation that means one copy of dominant allele is enough to cause the disease ii. 50% penetrant; that means inheritance chance of the disease from one generation to another generation chance is of 50%. iii. The mutation is not sex specific as you can see in F1 generation affected person is female whereas in F2 generation the affected person is a male.So, probability of individual A will develop the disease is: =0.5*0.5 =0.25 i.e. 25% P(A) = P(F1).P(F2) P(A)= 0.5*0.5 P(A)= 0.25 where P(A)= probability of individual A will develop the disease P(F1)= probability of 1st generation will pass the disease P(F2)= probability of 2nd generation will pass the disease So, as you can see the probability that the individual A will develop the disease is 25% . For B also it is same 25%. In the same way you can calculate. P(B) = P(F1).P(F2) P(B)= 0.5*0.5 P(B)= 0.25 where P(B)= probability of individual B will develop the disease P(F1)= probability of 1st generation will pass the disease P(F2)= probability of 2nd generation will pass the disease