Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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The pedigree shown below was obtained for a rare kidney disease. Determine the mode of inheritance for this condition and state your reasoning for your answer.



The diagram is a pedigree chart, which is used to track inheritance patterns of traits within a family. Here's a detailed explanation:

- **Symbols**: 
  - Circles represent females.
  - Squares represent males.
  - Shaded symbols indicate individuals expressing a particular trait.
  - Unshaded symbols depict individuals not expressing the trait.

- **Structure**:
  - The pedigree is organized into three generations, with the earliest generation at the top and the most recent at the bottom.
  - Horizontal lines between a circle and square indicate mating.
  - Vertical lines connect parents to their offspring.

- **Generations**:
  - **First Generation**: Contains one male (square) who expresses the trait and a female (circle) who does not.
  - **Second Generation**: Includes five individuals, with one male expressing the trait and the rest not expressing it.
  - **Third Generation**: Displays nine individuals, with two males expressing the trait. 

This chart would typically be used to deduce patterns of inheritance, such as autosomal dominant or recessive traits.
Transcribed Image Text:The diagram is a pedigree chart, which is used to track inheritance patterns of traits within a family. Here's a detailed explanation: - **Symbols**: - Circles represent females. - Squares represent males. - Shaded symbols indicate individuals expressing a particular trait. - Unshaded symbols depict individuals not expressing the trait. - **Structure**: - The pedigree is organized into three generations, with the earliest generation at the top and the most recent at the bottom. - Horizontal lines between a circle and square indicate mating. - Vertical lines connect parents to their offspring. - **Generations**: - **First Generation**: Contains one male (square) who expresses the trait and a female (circle) who does not. - **Second Generation**: Includes five individuals, with one male expressing the trait and the rest not expressing it. - **Third Generation**: Displays nine individuals, with two males expressing the trait. This chart would typically be used to deduce patterns of inheritance, such as autosomal dominant or recessive traits.
Expert Solution
Step 1

In some situations, we tend to don't have the chance to perform controlled crosses. Rather we want to analyze an existing population. this can be invariably the case once finding out human genetic science. Scientists have devised another approach, known as pedigree analysis, to check the inheritance of genes in humans. Pedigree analysis is additionally helpful once finding out any population once offspring information from many generations is restricted. Pedigree analysis is additionally helpful once finding out species with an extended generation time. Once phenotypical information is collected from many generations and therefore the pedigree is drawn, careful analysis of whether or not the attribute is dominant or recessive. For those traits exhibiting factor action: affected people have a minimum of one affected parent the constitution typically seems each generation two unaffected folks solely have unaffected offspring And for those traits exhibiting factor action: unaffected folks will have affected offspring affected relation are each male and female.

 

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