The expression of MHC class II molecules is restricted to a small number of cell types. A. What are these cell types? B. Which of these cell types populate the thymus or circulate through it, and what role do they play in mediating positive and/or negative selection? C. Can you explain why it would be detrimental for noncirculating cells that populate tissues and glands to express MHC class II molecules?

Q: (b) Describe the role of invariant chain, CLIP, HLA-DM in the antigen presentation process.

A: MHC Class II molecules are a class of large molecules of histocompatibility complex (MHC) usually…

Q: MHC class I molecules present peptide antigens derived from a(n) _______ compartment, whereas MHC…

A: (Major histocompatibility complex). They play vital role in intercellular recognition and…

Q: Write of the following statements is correct?  A. Antigen fragments that bind to MHC class I…

A: Freshly formed proteins that fail to fold or blend properly into the endoplasmic reticulum will be…

Q: In which of the following ways are T-cell receptors distinct from immunoglobulins? (Select all that…

A: The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a protein complex found on the surface of T cells or T lymphocytes.

Q: Any given MHC molecule binds peptides that are related structurally. These families of peptides have…

A: MHC MHC is the Major Histocompatibility Complex that consists of genes that encode specialised…

Q: Which of the following can be answered by immunohistochemistry? Select all that apply. a. Whether…

A: Few important points : Immunohistochemistry is basically a localization of known antigen in tissue…

Q: major cause of septic shock is the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from bacteria in the blood.…

A: Septic shock has high modidity and mortality rate due to its effect on circulation in the body which…

Q: What accounts for the change in a B cell’s ability to bind antigen?

A: B cells are also known as B lymphocytes are special types of blood cells which belong to the group…

Q: activation of a CD8-positive T lymphocyte requires presentation of antigen in association with which…

A: The activation of T lymphocytes, including CD8-positive T cells, is a crucial part of the immune…

Q: A patient has contracted an upper respiratory infection caused by a virus. Her initial adaptive…

A: Immunity is the body’s ability to resist and eliminate the potential harmful foreign invaders to…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding CD4 is incorrect? a. MHC class II molecules present…

A: CD4 could be a monomeric kind I transmembrane compound protein consisting of 4 Ig-like extracellular…

Q: (a) Identify both the cellular component and the location of the component that is responsible for…

A: Luciferase reporter produces luminescence. If cells contain a luciferase vector, the luminescent…

Q: Which of the following events is not associated with the establishment of allelic exclusion of…

A: Answer is A.) active transcription of RAG1 and RAG2.

Q: For immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes, and for T-cell receptor b chain genes, there are a…

A: The T-cell receptors are present on the surface of the T-cells also known as T-lymphocytes. They…

Q: VDJ rearrangement occurs so that: Select one: a.after a pathogen has entered the system, B cells…

A: VDJ arrangement or VDJ recombination is the specialized mechanism which takes place in developing…

Q: All of the following are properties of B-1 cells except a. They exhibit polyspecificity. b. They…

A: B1 cell is a type of B lymphocyte that is accountable for producing a humoral immune response. They…

Q: A metabolically stressed epithelial cell expresses the protein MICits surface and then interacts…

A: NK cells are activated as an early event during an immune response and does not require the need for…

Q: The adaptive immune system uses multiple strategies to generate diversity in our ability to mount…

A: Adaptive immunity is made up of two main components: T cells and B cells. An immune system that…

Q: Which of the following is not a possible mechanism for autoimmunity? Select one: A. Abnormal…

A: The immune system protects the body against illnesses and infections. It is composed of several…

Q: Humans with defective expression of the integrin LFA-1 have an immunodeficiency disease…

A: Introduction : The ability of the body to defend against pathogens is referred to as immunity. It…

Q: Barriers to using pig organs in human transplantation are _____. (Select all that apply.) a. the…

A: Graft rejection is one of the major problems in xenotransplantation. It is important to understand…

Q: Which of the following statements about Notch 1 is correct? (Select all that apply.) Select one or…

A: Concept used :  Notch 1 gene    Definitions required -  Notch 1 gene :  Notch one is a gene that…

Q: Match the stage of B cell development with the rearrangement or expression of immunoglobulin genes.…

A: B cell development begins in the fetal liver and continues in the bone marrow throughout our lives.…

Q: All of the following are morphologic characteristics that can be seen reactive lymhpocytes, except:

A: Reactive lymphocytes  Reactive lymphocytes are large immune stimulated cells which fight with…

Q: B-cell tumors originate during different developmental stages of B cells during their maturation in…

A: B cells are also termed B lymphocytes, they are known as white blood cells of the lymphocyte…

Q: To study the immune responses that provide protection against tumor growth in mice, some…

A: Cytokines are immunological molecules present in biological systems that are important for cell…

Q: Individuals who express HLA-B27 are 90 times more likely to develop the autoimmune disorder…

A: HLA-B27 is called human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27). Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are…

Q: Individuals who express HLA-B27 are 90 times more likely to develop the autoimmune disorder…

A: Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 or HLA-B27 is a kind of antigen categorized into class I of antigen and…

Q: Amino acid variation among MHC class II allotypes that present antigens to CD4 T cells is…

A: MHC or major histocompatibility complex is a set of genes. These genes are responsible for the…

Q: Which of the following is true about MHC? Check all that apply.   A. MHC I is expressed in all…

A: Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC) is basically a group of genes on DNA.It mainly helps the…

Q: shows the directed migration of two immune cell types, neutrophils (red) and macrophages (green) to…

A: Immune cells are the sort of cells that emerge from stem cells in the bone marrow and mature into…

Q: What is the function of tapasin? Select one: a. Tapasin is an antagonist of HLA-DM and causes more…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: What are two types of long-lived cells derived from the B cell lineage? Where are these cells…

A: B cells are a type of white blood cell that helps the immune system fight foreign invaders including…

Q: For question with blanks, choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the…

A: The immune system provides protection against invading pathogens in the human body. There are two…

Q: Complexes of IgG bound to soluble multivalent antigens can activate the classical pathway on the…

A: Introduction :- One of three mechanisms that activate the complement system, a component of the…

Q: Which of the following statements best explains why the immune system can continue to make…

A: Rituximab is a medication that will be mostly used for treating rheumatoid arthritis as well as…

Q: The MHC molecule diversity is generated by which of the following mechanisms? Select one: a. Somatic…

A: Introduction :- A sizable region of vertebrate DNA called the major histocompatibility complex…

Q: A strain of mice has been identified that does not respond to LPS. This lack of response is due to a…

A: LPS are the Lipopolysaccharides that are a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative…

Q: A virus has been identified that encodes a protein which inhibits the transporter-associated with…

A: Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)

Q: . What are the number of total chromosomes that carries the genes encoding heavy and light chain…

A: Introduction :- Immunoglobulins or antibody are made up of two light chains and two heavy chains of…

Q: Why is this ligand for the NK-cell receptor CD94:NKG2A. considered a broad mechanism for the NK-cell…

A: NKT cells exhibit a wide range of receptors and kill the infected body cells and tumor cells.

Q: In organ transplantation, minor histocompatibility antigens Select one: A. can trigger hyperacute…

A: Organ transplantation  Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which the damage organ of the…

Q: Inhibitory receptors on lymphocytes down-regulate immune responses by recruiting protein or lipid…

A: B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are part of adaptive immunity, which is antigen-specific and…

Q: 1. Review the following link (don't get caught up in details) to determine if our immune cells use…

A: Chemical signaling is a type of signaling which involves molecules. It is a type of cell signaling.…

Q: Match the term in Column A with its correct description in Column B.

A: The details of the term given in Column A has been provided in following step and they are matched…

Q: Polymorphism implies that each different MHCprotein binds a different peptide motif. For the…

A: Major Histocompatibility complex is a peptide found over the surface of leukocyte (WBC) cells which…

Q: Which of the following would inhibit the function of the JAK-STAT Pathway? Multiple answers    A.…

A: JAK-STAT pathway is activated in response to cytokines (interferons and interleukins). The receptor…