Which of the following is not a possible mechanism for autoimmunity? Select one: A. Abnormal expression of MHC II molecules in non-antigen-presenting cells B. Polymorphism of HLA alleles C. Molecular mimicry D. Release of sequestered antigens E. Activation of polyclonal B cells O O O O
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- Dendritic cells take up, process or present antigen by all of the following routes except Select one: a. receptor-mediated endocytosis of bacteria. b. macropinocytosis of bacteria or viruses. c. uptake of viruses using Toll-like receptor TLR9. d. cross-presentation from the MHC class II pathway to the MHC class I pathway. Oe. cross-presentation from incoming infected dendritic cells to healthy resident dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. Of. delivery of viral peptides from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum during viral infection.Which of the following diseases is not due to autoimmunity?A. rheumatic feverB. systemic lupus erythematosusC. diabetes mellitusD. HIV/AIDS 3. Which of the following is both a phagocyte and an antigen-presenting cell?A. Natural Killer cellB. eosinophilC. neutrophilD. macrophage 4. What is the first line of defence against germs?A. HeartB. SkinC. Brain D. Eyes5.Which organs in your throat trap germs that come in?A. PancreasB. Spleen C. TonsilsD. Liver6. A person is injected with immunoglobulins against hepatitis B. This person has :A. Artificially acquired passive immunityB. Artificially acquired active immunityC. Naturally acquired active immunityD. Naturally acquired passive immunityWhat scenario best describes an autoimmune reaction? Group of answer choices The destruction of donated red blood cells by the recipient’s immune system The production of antibodies against Streptococcus pyogenes antigen resulting in cross-reaction against an antigen found on heart valves The activation of Mast cells by pollen The production of antibodies against Streptococcus pyogenes resulting in the deposit of antigen-antibodies in the kidney leading to glomerulonephritis
- Which of the following statements is the most accurate concerning lymphocytes? a. T cells and B cells both express TCRs. These are the product of approximately 100 genes. Each lymphocyte expresses only one of the ~100 receptors coded for by these genes, and in the absence of clonal selection the liklihood that two cells express the same receptor is only moderate b. T cells and B cells express TCRs and BCRs respectively. These are the product of genetic recombination and can comprise one of millions of combinations. Each lymphocyte can express 1000s of different receptor variants, maximizing the likelihood that a single adaptive immune cell will recognize pathogen-associated antigens. c. T cells and B cells express TCRs and BCRs respectively. These are the product of genetic recombination and can comprise one of millions of combinations. Each lymphocyte expresses only one of these receptors, and in the absence of clonal selection the liklihood that two cells express the same…Determine if the following description should be categorized as Humoral Immunity (B-cell activity), Cellular Immunity (T-cell activity), or both (B & T-cells perform this activity). 1. Can create antibodies 2. Can destroy pathogens by secreting perforins 3. Is activated by a T-helper cell 4. Undergoes clonal selection 5. Has the ability to stop clonal selection 6. Must have an APC (antigen presenting cell) to be activated 7. Can be activated by pathogen in circulation 8. Migrates around the body in the lymph 9. Can create a tag of MHC proteins to alert body of infection 10. Creates memory cells to recognize the pathogen in the future 11. Stimulated by MHC class 2 APC cells only 12. Can activate the second line of defense by secreting antibodiesYou have a patient with abnormally high IgE antibodies. What are two scenarios that might lead to a high level of IgE antibodies? How would you find out which scenario is causing the increase in IgE?
- The high degree of polymorphism in MHC class I molecules that present antigens to CD8 T cells is found in _______ because _______ is/are monomorphic: a. β2-microglobulin; the heavy chain b. both the α and β chains; none c. HLA-DOβ; HLA-DOα d. the heavy chain; β2-microglobulin e. HLA-E and HLA-G; HLA-F.Match the term with its correct description Long, flexible molecule expressed on B-cells, macrophages and FDC which binds to C3d B-cell co-receptor Cognate pair Rapidly dividing cell which is going through somatic hypermutation Slowly dividing cell which searches for antigen match on FDC ✓Choose... CR2 Centrocyte CR2, CD19, CD81 TFH cell and B-cell which recognize same antigen Centroblast Choose... Choose... SA potential cause of acquired autoimmunity is _______. a. tissue hypersensitivity b. molecular mimicry c. histamine release d. radiation exposure
- Which of the following is true about MHC? Check all that apply. A. MHC I is expressed in all nucleated cells with 3 alpha chains and stabilized by beta2 microglobulin B. MHC II is expressed in antigen presenting cells and has 3 pairs of alpha and beta genes, HLA-DP, DQ, DR and more C. MHC I in humans known as HLA has 3 genes HLA-A, B and C D. MHC is polygenic but not polymorphic in humansSketch a B cell antigen receptor. Label the V and C regions of the light and heavy chains. Label the antigenbinding sites, disulfide bridges, and transmembrane region. Where are these features located relative to the V and C regions?For the diagram below, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: Antigen- binding site V C Heavy chain V Light chain S.S. Fc (stem) region c C Hinge region None of the other four answers (All are true statements) Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) are composed of four protein molecules, two identical "light" chains and two identical "heavy" chains Antigens bind to the "stem", composed of the constant regions of the two "heavy" chains The variable (V) regions form the antigen binding sites The constant (C) regions determine class of antibody
