activation of a CD8-positive T lymphocyte requires presentation of antigen in association with which of the following? Class I MHC protein and synthesis of interleukin-2 by CD4 T lymphocytes. b. Class I MHC protein and synthesis of gamma-interferon by macrophages. с. Class II MHC protein and synthesis of interleukin-1 by macrophages. d. Class II MHC protein and synthesis of interleukin-4 by CD4 T lymphocytes.
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activation of a CD8-positive T lymphocyte requires presentation of antigen in association with which of the following? Class I MHC protein and synthesis of interleukin-2 by CD4 T lymphocytes. b. Class I MHC protein and synthesis of gamma-interferon by macrophages. с. Class II MHC protein and synthesis of interleukin-1 by macrophages. d. Class II MHC protein and synthesis of interleukin-4 by CD4 T lymphocytes.
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- Describe five important differences between class I and class II MHC proteinsIdentify the mismatched pair. a. MyD88: adaptor protein b. ICAM-1: LFA-1 c. chemokine receptor: G protein d. CD14: LPS e. NK cells: IFN-γ f. selectins: protein ligands.Ehrlich's original idea of the selective theory for lymphocyte specificity postulated that a lymphocyte expresses many different antigen-specific receptors, with a foreign antigen or pathogen "selecting" one specific receptor. We now know that the outcome of clonal selection for B cells is the secretion of many copies of the same B-cell receptor in the form of a soluble antibody (humoral immunity). In what specific way was Ehrlich's original theory later refined? What are the challenges to aligning Ehrlich's original model with the above observation of humoral immunity? Does our current model of clonal selection fit this observation any better?
- Helper T cells can be activated by macrophages(which engulf everything indiscriminately) or by B cells (which only engulf antigens that stick to their receptors). A. What properties so macrophages and B cells have ibn common that allows them both to activate T cells? B. It has been suggested that macrophages probably do most to fhte T cell activating in the primary response but B cells do most of it in the secondary response. Why does this make sense?Which of the following cell types is unable to interact with naive T cells and induce their activation? (Select all that apply.) a. B cells b. macrophages resident in infected tissues c. macrophages resident in secondary lymphoid tissue d. interdigitating reticular cells e. immature dendritic cells.A two-month-old baby is found to lack class I MHC molecules. How would this defect impact his adaptive immune response? Include answers to the following points: • What is the function of MHC I molecules in the adaptive immune response? • Will the entire adaptive immune response be impacted or only part of it? Please explain. • What type of infections will be impossible to tackle without MHC I molecules?
- Dendritic cells take up, process or present antigen by all of the following routes except Select one: a. receptor-mediated endocytosis of bacteria. b. macropinocytosis of bacteria or viruses. c. uptake of viruses using Toll-like receptor TLR9. d. cross-presentation from the MHC class II pathway to the MHC class I pathway. Oe. cross-presentation from incoming infected dendritic cells to healthy resident dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid tissue. Of. delivery of viral peptides from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum during viral infection.Somatic cells can display antigen [small peptides] and present them to the body’s immunesystem via their MHC/HLA receptor displays. Discuss the paths for MHC/HLA1 vs. MHC/HLA2display. How do these two paths fit into the health of the body, and the response of theimmune system to normal/disease/infection?Imagine a person is born with a genetic mutation, that suppresses the production of MHC I markers. What problems would that create for this person?