Replication forks 3 5' A helicase "unzips" the two strands of DNA. Leading strand RNA primer Helicase DNA polymerase adds nucleotides onto the 3' end of the strand. 3 Synthesis of the leading strand proceeds continuously as fresh template is exposed. 5 Okazaki fragment of the lagging strand Primase synthesizes the RNA primer. Synthesis of the lagging strand must be reinitiated as more template is exposed. Each time synthesis is reinitiated, a new RNA primer must be made. Discontinuous synthesis generates Okazaki fragments. 3. 5 DNA ligase seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments by forming a covalent bond between them. As DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of one Okazaki fragment, it encounters the 5' end of another. A different type of DNA polymerase then removes the RNA primer nucleotides and simultaneously replaces them with deoxynucleotides. DNA ligase 3 FIGURE 7.7 The Replication Fork This dlagram is simplified to highlight the key differences between synthesis of the leading and lagging strands. Both strands are synthesized simultaneously. to in n
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Synthesis of which strand requires the repeated action of DNA ligase?
![Replication forks
3
5'
A helicase "unzips"
the two strands of DNA.
Leading
strand
RNA primer
Helicase
DNA polymerase adds
nucleotides onto the 3'
end of the strand.
3
Synthesis of the leading strand
proceeds continuously as fresh
template is exposed.
5
Okazaki fragment
of the lagging strand
Primase synthesizes
the RNA primer.
Synthesis of the lagging strand must be reinitiated
as more template is exposed. Each time synthesis
is reinitiated, a new RNA primer must be made.
Discontinuous synthesis generates Okazaki
fragments.
3.
5
DNA ligase seals
the gaps between
Okazaki fragments
by forming a covalent
bond between them.
As DNA polymerase adds nucleotides
to the 3' end of one Okazaki fragment,
it encounters the 5' end of another.
A different type of DNA polymerase
then removes the RNA primer
nucleotides and simultaneously
replaces them with deoxynucleotides.
DNA ligase
3
FIGURE 7.7 The Replication Fork This dlagram is simplified to
highlight the key differences between synthesis of the leading and lagging
strands. Both strands are synthesized simultaneously.
to
in n](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe91bc59a-28f9-4852-9472-c8f52223715b%2Feba9aea9-307a-40ba-b6fb-1c2f6fd314db%2Ffbfpac_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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