DNA from 2 different sources 5: 5': 3' 5' EcoRI recognition sequence Incubate both DNAS with EcoRI, which cuts the DNA backbone between Gand A A "sticky 3 end" 5' 5: A "sticky 3' 3' :5' 5' end" Incubate the DNAS together, allowing sticky ends to hydrogen bond. 5° 3' 3: :5' Add DNA ligase, which covalently links the DNA backbones. Covalent bond 3' Covalent bond A recombinant DNA molecule FIGURE 21.1 The action of a restriction enzyme and the production of recombinant DNA. The restriction enzyme EcoRI binds to a spe- cific sequence, in this case 5'-GAATTC-3'. It cleaves the DNA backbone between G and A, producing DNA fragments. The single-stranded ends of different DNA fragments hydrogen bond with each other, because they have complementary sequences. DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds in the DNA backbones of the fragments. =ダ:ー= in 는4 FO:G

Q: The RNA strand is complementary with the template strand. What makes the RNA 'leave' the DNA so that…

A: RNA polymerase Is responsible for the RNA 'leave' the DNA so that they do not stick together.  The…

Q: Why is Dna twisted ?

A: The abbreviation of DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a hereditary genetic material possessing the…

Q: In the Meselson–Stahl experiment thatestablished the semiconservative nature of DNA replication,the…

A: Replication follows the semiconservative mode, which was proved by the experiment conducted by…

Q: Prior to the action of DNA ligase, how many hydrogen bonds are holding these two DNA fragments…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid can be defined as the molecule that is composed of two polynucleotide chains…

Q: What occurs when a block of one or more nucleotide pairs is last from a DNA molecule?

A: Introduction  DNA strands is composed of nucleotide base pairs such as Adenine, Guanosine, Cytosine…

Q: Describe what happens to the DNA when the helicase unwinds the double helix. What can Topoisomerases…

A: it occurs during DNA replication.

Q: Although prokaryotes and eukaryotes use different versions, what is the general name of the major…

A: An enzyme is a protein that increases the speed of metabolism or the chemical reaction in our body.…

Q: What does DNA transformation refer to?

A: Genetic material passes on from parents to offspring along with the information loaded in the form…

Q: What is a DNA polymerase? What does it do or what is it involved in?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a self-replicating material present in almost all living organisms…

Q: Explain how scientists know DNA is the molecule containing genetic information. Describe the…

A: Introduction DNA was never thought to be the genetic material as it was so inert and lacking…

Q: DNA replication relies on the enzyme DNA polymerase. Why does this suggest that the earliest genes…

A: DNA and RNA are two forms of nucleic acids, which are biological polymers of nucleotide monomers.…

Q: Why does dna polymerase only extend previously existing nucleotides

A: DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides.

Q: What are the function of repetitive DNA?

A: Repetitive DNA is the segment of DNA that is repeated in the genome.

Q: The DNA polymerase cannot start making a new DNA polymer out of nothing, it needs preexisting…

A: DNA molecules makes their own identical copies by a process known as DNA replication. It takes…

Q: Where does  is the origin of replication?

A: Replication is a biological process of producing two identical copies of DNA molecule from the one…

Q: What is DNA ligase?

A: DNA ligase is a specific type of enzyme , a ligase that facilitates the joining of DNA strands…

Q: What are the "building blocks" that make up a DNA molecule?

A: DNA, also known as Deoxyribonucleic acid is one of the main genetic materials of most living…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.