Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a protein folding enzyme that catalyzes disulfide-sulfhydryl exchange reactions.Ribonuclease is an enzyme with two ẞ-sheets, three α-helices, and four disulfide bridges critical to the stability of its structure.PDI rapidly converts inactive, scrambled ribonuclease to enzymatically active ribonuclease. This process is driven by thedecrease in free energy as the scrambled conformations are converted into the stable, active conformation of the enzyme. Incontrast, PDI rapidly inactivates insulin.What does PDI's effect on insulin imply about the structure of insulin?The three-dimensional shape of insulin does not contain any disulfide bonds.The active conformation of insulin has more ẞ-sheets than α-helices.The active conformation of insulin is not the most thermodynamically preferred form.The amino acid sequence of insulin is similar to the amino acid sequence of ribonuclease.

What does PDI do?Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) helps in the formation, breaking, and rearranging…

Answered: Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a…

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22QP: Polypeptide folding is often mediated by other proteins called chaperones. Describe how a mutant...

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If phenylalanine was not an essential amino acid, would diet therapy (the elimination of phenylalanine from the diet) for PKU work?
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b. Compounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein E. To determine where the block in protein-E production occurred in each individual, the various intermediates were given to each individuals cel Is in culture. After a few weeks of growth with the intermediate, the cells were assayed for the production of protein E. The results for each individuals cells are given in the following table. A plus sign means that protein E was produced after the cells were given the intermediate listed at the top of the column. A minus sign means that the cells still could not produce protein E even after being exposed to the intermediate at the top of the column. Denote the point in the pathway in which each individual is blocked.
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Using the ActiveModel for phosphofructokinase (Trypanosoma), describe the difference between the APO1, AP02, and holoenzyme conformations.
Using the ActiveModel for aldose reductase, describe the structure of the TIM barrel motif and the structure and location of the active site.
Understanding the Relevance of Chaperones in Protein Folding Protein molecules, like all molecules, can be characterized in terms of general properties such as size, shape, charge, solubility/hydrophobicity. Consider the influence of each of these general features on the likelihood of whether folding of a particular protein will require chaperone assistance or not. Be specific regarding just Hsp7O chaperones or Hsp7O chaperones and Hsp60 chaperonins.
Understanding the Nature of the Ubiquitin-Ubiquitin linkage Draw the structure of the isopeptide bond formed between Gly76of one ubiquitin molecule and Lys48of another ubiquitin molecule.
The Energy Cost of dTTP Synthesis (Integrates with Chapter 20.) Starting from HCO3, glutamine, aspartate, and ribosc-5-P, how many ATP equivalents are consumed in the synthesis of dTTP in a eukaryotic cell, assuming dihydroorotate oxidation is coupled to oxidative phosphorylation? How does this result compare with the ATP costs of purine nucleotide biosynthesis calculated in problem 2?
If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?
The Energetic Cost of Peptide Elongation How many ATP equivalents are consumed for each amino acid added to an elongating polypeptide chain during the process of protein synthesis?
List the pyrimidine bases, the purine bases, and the base-pairing rules for DNA.

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