Describe the various post-translational modifications of HIF- 1alpha and how it affects the regulation of HIF-1al pha signaling. How might HIF- alpha alter the tumor microenvironment to promote tumor growth? Propose a strategy to prevent HIF-alpha signaling in the TME. What do you think would happen in a transgenic mouse with a total knockout of HIF-alpha?

Q: Relative Relative H3/H4 Acetylation Relative H3 Acetylation H4 Acetylation DON -4Kb -3Kb -2Kb -1Kb…

A: DNA is responsible for carrying genetic information in cells. DNA is packaged into condensed form…

Q: What would be the likely phenotypic effect of a mutation in HOTAIR and prevented it from binding to…

A: HOTAIR (HOX antisense intergenic RNA) is a long non-coding RNAs with 6 exons and 2158 nucleotides…

Q: what do you predict is a likely outcome in mice with the bat-mouse construct? Select one 1.) change…

A: Regulatory "switches" are found upstream from a gene. Regulatory molecules bind to the switches and…

Q: The GA(T>C)A mutation in the Duffy promoter impacted expression of Duffy in the following cell…

A: The promoter is the region where the RNA polymerase binds during the transcription i.e. synthesis of…

Q: Compare and contrast the regulation of Ras with trimeric G proteins

A: Given: Need to compare and contrast the difference between Ras protein with trimeric G protein.

Q: they argued that promoter switching may be correlated with cancer development and progression…

A: A DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence where the protein binds and initiates the transcription of…

Q: Through recombinant DNA methods, a modified steroid hormone receptor was prepared that consists of…

A: The ligand-binding domain can be defined as the type of domain that allows the binding of the…

Q: Briefly describe how mitotic recombination can result in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at tumor…

A: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is the loss of one parent's contribution to cell and can be caused by…

Q: How much more does cytokine 2 gene expression change in severe COVID-19 patients than in mild…

A: Cytokine storm is the condition when various cytokines are expressed in very high levels. This cause…

Q: A knockout mouse with an ablated PRNP gene is injected with exogenous prions. Which of the following…

A: Option e Spongiform transformation of brain

Q: A second hit might occur through epigenetic modification. There is a CpG island in the RB1 promoter.…

A: CpG islands are regions of DNA that are rich in CpG dinucleotides, and they are often located near…

Q: Please describe the regulatory role of enhancers that binds to responsible regulators to activate…

A: An enhancer is a regulatory DNA molecule comprising 200 base pairs. Enhancers are also known as…

Q: ''The chemical carcinogen dimethylbenz[a]anthra-cene (DMBA) must be an extraordinarily specific…

A: Abnormal growth of skin cells when exposed to sunlight causes skin cancer. They are originated from…

Q: Explain the role/importance of the localization of  GTPase-activating protein (Ran-GAP)  in BOTH…

A: The Ran protein is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Ran regulates nucleocytoplasmic…

Q: You expect that a lung tumor cell line has arisen due to aberrant expression of the growth factor…

A: Cancer is due to the uncontrolled proliferation of the cell. This uncontrolled proliferation is…

Q: How is the signal generated by binding of TGF-β to cell-surface receptors transmitted to the…

A: TGF-β is a cytokine of the transforming growth factor family of signaling molecules with multiple…

Q: During certain stages of development, the requirement forcertain gene products may require gene…

A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present in the DNA. It codes for the synthesis of an RNA or…

Q: What are the similarities that lead to activation of G-coupled protein receptors (GCPR) and those…

A: G-coupled protein receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface receptors that respond to a wide range of outer…

Q: Are any of the following feasibly linked to COVID-19 susceptibility? . Leucine zipper transcription…

A: COVID-19 is a pandemic which is caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Researchers found out a strong…

Q: Would the function of KRAS gene be lost or gained in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer derived cells? Please…

A: KRAS gene is a gene present on the short arm of chromosome 12 that is responsible for the formation…

Q: Based on the information in Figure 12-6, how doesGal4 regulate four different GAL genes at the…

A: The gal operon is a prokaryotic operon that codes for galactose metabolism enzymes. Lactose…

Q: The use of an SH2 domain binding inhibitor would be predicted to: O Decrease binding of SOS with RAS…

A: In the cellular response, the SRC homology (SH2) 2 domain is considered as the protein, which is…

Q: In many breast cancers, ER (alpha) activation by estrogens is generally considered responsible for…

A: In breast cancers, the activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) by estrogens is often associated…

Q: GC (Glycocorticoids) binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which leads to the transcription of…

A: Receptors are structures made of proteins that transduce signals in the cells upon binding of the…

Q: In any experiment, controls are essential in order to determine the specific effect of changing some…

A: Controls are used in the experiment to analyze the obtained results and reach a conclusion on…

Q: Please help me with the cell biology question below.

A: Interpretation of the DataA: miR-31 Expression in Tumor vs. Non-tumor SamplesThis part of the…

Q: How would you identify patients whose tumor cells are particularly likely to have a somatic mutation…

A: Somatic mutation takes place in all types of cells in the body except the germ cells. Therefore…

Q: Using RNA-seq analysis of transcripts isolated from different organs in mice, you find that the…

A: The gene is the sequence of DNA which can code for the functional protein. The lacZ is the reporter…

Q: The transcription factor Pax6 is required continuallyduring the life of a mouse (or a human) for the…

A: Pax6 is a kind of transcription factor which is required for the development of retina in mouse and…

Q: A mutation in the Ras protein renders Ras constitutively active (RasD). What is constitutive…

A: The Ras protein can be referred to as tiny G protein that requires phosphorylation of guanosine…

Q: A pharmaceutical company developed a drug, CP788, that inhibits the interaction of Grb2 with SH2…

A: Grb2 ( growth factor receptor bound protein 2) is an adaptor protein whose function is to bring…

Q: GAP protein helps hydrolyze the GTP to GDP in RAS protein. Argenine 789 residue in GAP protein…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question. As you have posted a question with multiple subparts, I would be…

Q: S-Cdk is likely to be a [Select] The inhibitor of Ras is likely to be a [ Select] < The MAP kinase…

A: Cell signaling is the process by which cells communicate with each other and respond to signals from…

Q: What would you expect krox20 expression to look like in embryos treated with an RA inhibitor? Why?…

A: krox20 is also known as early growth response protein 2, it is a transcription regulatory factor.it…

Q: of 16 CAT proteins signal in a manner that is uncommon for signaling proteins that carry out similar…

A: STAT or signal transducer and activator of transcription  proteins are latent cytoplasmic…

Q: According to the research article: “Telomerase Modulates Wnt Signalling by Association with Target…

A: Introduction  Telomerase is an enzyme that is responsible for maintaining the length and stability…

Q: An abundance of misfolded proteins in the ER can result in the activation of the unfolded-protein…

A: Endoplasmic Reticulum can be referred to as one of the organelles of cell that can be observed in…

Q: The following questions are based on information given below: Puc is a transcriptional target of the…

A: Approach to solving the question: 1. Identify Cell Types: First, we need to identify the different…

Q: Based on the data provided, explain how cellular processes must be altered in stomach cancer cells…

A: In comparison to healthy cells, cancer cells have an active metabolism and need more energy. Cancer…

Q: A 43-year-old man is diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and started on standard imatinib…

A: Man with Chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib therapy :-

Q: mediated signaling without ligand, suggesting the signaling pathway has been constitutively…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinase is involved is cell signal transduction by a ligand it is responsible for…

Q: What are the consequences of inhibiting the m-phase promoting complex

A: THE M phase promoting factor is also known as an m-phase kinase. It is one of the important complex…

Q: what is the role of TERF2 in the deregulation of CDKN1A gene to cause cancer.

A: The basic unit of heredity is the gene, which is a DNA region that codes for a specific protein.…

Q: Sec61 is a protein involved in the formation of the translocon for ER-targeted proteins.What would…

A: Endomembrane system: - it is a system through which the cell modifies, packages and transports the…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.