Classify each description Into the correct category. Labels O Drop Zones Reset All Consists of relatively large Less-income countries High-income (1/2) countries (2/2) numbers of post- reproductive individuals Less than 20% of the world population but use more than 50% of the energy Birth rates high, death rates decreasing In stage 3 of demographic transition Likely to be exhibiting exponential growth Infectious diseases are 3 out of the top 5 causes of death.
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- Figure 18.17 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? a. LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. b. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. c. Both progesterone and estrogen are produced by the follicles. d. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estrogen but stimulated by high levels of estrogen.Should fertility clinics be required to disclose all the risks of ART to couples seeking fertility treatments? Are state and/or federal laws the best way to achieve this?Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?
- A process by which an organism produces offspring is called __________. a. reproduction b. development c. homeostasis d. inheritanceWhich term applies to egg development within the female with nourishment derived from a yolk? oviparity viviparity ovovi parity ovovo parityAn increase in infant mortality will _______ a populations replacement fertility rate. a. raise b. lower c. not affect
- Figure 43.15 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estradiol and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. Both progesterone and estradiol are produced by the follicles. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estradiol but stimulated by high levels of estradiol.Which of the following is associated with long-term parental care? few offspring many offspring semelparity fecundityEffect of Paternal Grandmother's Food Supply on Infant Mortality Widely available historical data on periods of famine show that before the industrial revolution, a failed harvest in one autumn often led to severe food shortages the following winter. Retrospective studies have correlated infant mortality with the abundance or food during a grandparent's child hood. FIGURE 10.11 shows results from one or these studies. FIGURE 10.11 Relative risk of early death of female child, correlated with the age at which her paternal grandmother experienced a winter with a food supply, that was scarce (blue) or abundant (red) during childhood. The dotted line represents no difference in risk of mortality. A value above the line means increased risk; one below the line indicates reduced risk. Compare the mortality risk of girls whose paternal grandmothers ate well at age 2 with girls whose grandmothers experienced famine at the same age. Which girl was more likely to die early? How much more likely was she to die?
- Effect of Paternal Grandmother's Food Supply on Infant Mortality Widely available historical data on periods of famine show that before the industrial revolution, a failed harvest in one autumn often led to severe food shortages the following winter. Retrospective studies have correlated infant mortality with the abundance or food during a grandparent's child hood. FIGURE 10.11 shows results from one or these studies. FIGURE 10.11 Relative risk of early death of female child, correlated with the age at which her paternal grandmother experienced a winter with a food supply, that was scarce (blue) or abundant (red) during childhood. The dotted line represents no difference in risk of mortality. A value above the line means increased risk; one below the line indicates reduced risk. Children have a period of show growth around age 9. What trend in this data can you see around that age?Effect of Paternal Grandmother's Food Supply on Infant Mortality Widely available historical data on periods of famine show that before the industrial revolution, a failed harvest in one autumn often led to severe food shortages the following winter. Retrospective studies have correlated infant mortality with the abundance or food during a grandparent's child hood. FIGURE 10.11 shows results from one or these studies. FIGURE 10.11 Relative risk of early death of female child, correlated with the age at which her paternal grandmother experienced a winter with a food supply, that was scarce (blue) or abundant (red) during childhood. The dotted line represents no difference in risk of mortality. A value above the line means increased risk; one below the line indicates reduced risk. There was no correlation between early death of a male child and eating habits of his paternal grandmother, but there was a strong correlation with the eating habits of his paternal grandfather. What does this tell you about the location of epigenetic changes that gave rise to these data?Which of the following is associated with the reproductive potential of a species? few offspring many offspring semelparity fecundity