A roadway sign that weighs Py = 11 kN is supported by a structural pipe with an outside diameter of 310 mm and a wall thickness of 17.5 mm. Wind pressure on the sign creates a resultant force of Px = 24 kN, acting as shown in the figure. Use length dimensions of L₁ = 3.5 m, L₂= 5 m and L3= 6.4 m. Answer the following questions if someone wants to determine the stresses at point K in the pipe. Note: use the correct sign based on the given axis. What is the axial force in the pipe? Answer: KN What is the shear force Vx? Answer: KN What is the shear force V₂? Answer: KN

EB and FG are two planes inside a soil element ABCD as shown in Figure 10.50. Stress conditions on the two planes are Plane EB: EB = 25 kN/m2; EB = +10 kN/m2 Plane FG: FG = 10 kN/m2; FG = 5 kN/m2 (Note: Mohrs circle sign conventions for stresses are used above) Given ; = 25, determine: a. The maximum and minimum principal stresses b. The angle between the planes EB and FG c. The external stresses on planes AB and BC that would cause the above internal stresses on planes EB and FG

A 9 ft wide and infinitely long flexible strip load of 800 lb/ft2 is placed on an elastic medium as shown in Figure P8.7. Find the vertical stress increase at points A, B, and C located 3 ft below the surface.

How does a tensile stress differ from a compressive stress?

Use Eq. (6.14) to determine the stress increase () at z = 10 ft below the center of the area described in Problem 6.5. 6.5 Refer to Figure 6.6, which shows a flexible rectangular area. Given: B1 = 4 ft, B2 = 6 ft, L1, = 8 ft, and L2 = 10 ft. If the area is subjected to a uniform load of 3000 lb/ft2, determine the stress increase at a depth of 10 ft located immediately below point O. Figure 6.6 Stress below any point of a loaded flexible rectangular area

A planned flexible load area (see Figure P7.2) is to be 3 m × 4.6 m and carries a uniformly distributed load of 180 kN/m2. Estimate the elastic settlement below the center of the loaded area. Assume that Df = 2 m and H = . Use Eq. (7.4).

The soil profile at a site is shown Figure P16.3. Find the total horizontal normal stresses at A and B, assuming at-rest conditions.

Repeat Problem 10.12 for q = 700 kN/m2, B = 8 m, and z = 4 m. In this case, point A is located below the centerline under the strip load. 10.12 Refer to Figure 10.43. A strip load of q = 1450 lb/ft2 is applied over a width with B = 48 ft. Determine the increase in vertical stress at point A located z = 21 ft below the surface. Given x = 28.8 ft. Figure 10.43

A soil element beneath a pave ment experiences principal stress rotations when the wheel load, W, passes over it and moves away, as shown in Figure 10.51. In this case, the wheel load has passed over points A and B and is now over point C. The general state of stress at these points is similar to the one shown by a stress block at point D. The phenomenon of principal stress rotation influences the permanent deformation behavior of the pavement layers. Investigate how the magnitude and the orientations of the principal stresses vary with distance from the point of application of the wheel load. Consider the case shown in Figure 10.51. An unpaved aggregate road with a thickness of 610 mm and unit weight of 19.4 kN/m3 is placed over a soil subgrade. A typical single-axle wheel load, W = 40 kN, is applied uniformly over a circular contact area with a radius of R = 150 mm (tire pressure of 565 kN/m2). The horizontal and shear stresses at each point are calculated from a linear elastic finite element analysis for a two-layer pavement and are presented in the following table. a. Use Eq. (10.28) to calculate the vertical stress increases at soil elements A, B, and C that are located at radial distances 0.457,0.267, and 0 m, respectively, from the center of the load. Determine the total vertical stress (y) due to wheel load, the overburden pressure at each point, and enter these values in the table. b. Use the pole method to determine the maximum and minimum principal stresses (1 and 3) for elements A, B, and C. Also determine the orientation (s) of the principal stress with respect to the vertical. Enter these values in the table. c. Plot the variations of 1 and s, with normalized radial distance, r/R, from the center of loading.

A 10 cm long rectangular bar (when subjected to a tensile load) deforms by 0.1 mm. Calculate the normal strain.