A sign for an automobile service station is supported by two aluminum poles of hollow circular cross section, as shown in the figure. The poles are being designed to resist a wind pressure of 3.2 kPa against the full area of the sign. The dimensions of the poles and sign are hy = 16.0 m. hz = 4.0 m, and b = 8.0 m. To prevent buckling of the walls of the poles, the thickness t is specified as one tenth the outside diameter d. Wind (a) Determine the minimum required diameter of the poles based upon an allowable bending stress of 45 MPa in the aluminum. Round to the nearest whole number. mm (b) Determine the minimum required diameter based upon an allowable shear stress of 13 MPa. Round to one decimal place. mm

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Fire Place Construction and Layout

A fireplace is a chamber, made of different materials usually constructed to contain the fire for various applications. A fireplace is often known as a hearth. Fireplaces can be made of bricks, steel, stone, and concrete. Fireplaces serve as room heaters for cold areas and vary in design and heat efficiency.