5. How does yeast utilize glucose for respiration? Write down the chemical equation
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Q: How does yeast utilize glucose for respiration? Write down the chemical equation.
A:
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- 5. How does yeast utilize glucose for respiration? Write down the chemical equation.Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids are not oxidized extensively as a cellular energy source?5.6. When animal cells produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle and electron-transport chain, the cells: BIOCHEMISTRY_advanced a) are in the presence of one of these carbohydrates: glucose, fructose, lactose. b) are in aerobic conditions. c) produce two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) at every turn of Krebs cycle. d) produce ATP, thanks to a mitochondrial H+ gradient coupled to the electron-transport chain. e) require mitochondrial cytochrom C for ATP production downstream of the electron-transport chain.
- 4. The diagram below illustrates time dependent O₂ uptake by isolated skeletal muscle mito- chondria under various conditions that affect the rate of respiration. The following abbreviations with arrows indicate when addition of various ingredients is made to the reaction chamber: The vertical, red lines have been added to help delineate time intervals corresponding to addition and metabolic con- version of ADP. Abbreviations: Med addition of 0.3 M sucrose; Pi: addition of 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4; Mw: addition of isolated, intact mitochondria; Pyr + Mal: addition of 0.01 M pyruvate + 0.01 M malate; ADP : addition of adenosine 5'-diphosphate; Oligo/mg: addition of oligomycin/mg protein; FCCP : addition of the uncoupler FCCP. Med Pyr+Mal P₁ 190μM ADP ↓ 20μM 02 T H 190μM ADP I Minute 475μM ADP 2μM FCCP 13μg Oligo/mg -[0₂] = 0 ATP [ATP] = 0 ApH = (pH matrix -pHout) ApH = 0 Start Finish (a) Why is there an increase in the rate of O2 uptake for the first two additions of ADP and why…15. For cells that are capable of aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation, such as yeast cells, one pathway may be favored over the other in certain circumstances. Which of the following accurately describes an advantage of the fermentation pathway, when compared to aerobic cellular respiration? a) Fermentation is less costly for the cell because it does not involve enzymes b) Fermentation generates a higher amoung of ATP per glucose substrate c) Fermentation is quicker because it does not involve glycolysis d)Fermentation can occur in the absence of oxygen (O2)17. Which of the following chemical formula summarizes cellular respiration? Group of answer choices 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy 6H2O + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP C6H12O6 + 6H2O 6O2 + 6CO2 + ATP
- 3. The following diagram shows some of the metabolic processes taking place in a plant cell. a) Identify process Y and state the name of the organelle where it takes place in a plant cell. b) Process X uses oxygen and produces ATP. Identify process X. c) With reference do the diagram, identify one example of catabolism11. Refer to the figure below. нн Н `NH2 NH2 N' N- 2e-+H* R NAD+ NADH NAD+ functions as a coenzyme in many enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The changes that take place in this coenzyme are the same for all of these reactions and are illustrated in the figure. It is likely that, in these reactions, NAD+ functions as an electron acceptor (reducing agent) in redox reactions. functions as an electron donor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. functions as a base in acid-base catalytic mechanisms. functions as an electron donor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. functions as an electron acceptor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. +Z-1.List 2 molecules that are produced by fermentation in yeast. 2.State the first law of thermodynamics, and explain how it relates to the study of life.
- 4. Yeast can produce ATP through either aerobic or anaerobic respiration, depending on whether oxygen is present. If oxygen is present, yeast cells consume glucose much more slowly than if oxygen is absent. Provide an explanation for this observation.13. How would ATP production in an aerobic yeast culture change if we add the following metabolites or chemicals to the cultivation media? Explain why in each case by citing which enzyme(s) or process(es) would be affected. I Chemical added: Effect: succinyl-CoA ADP Citrate fructose-2,6- bisphosphate DCCD FCCP (none/enhance/ decrease) Reason:2C. A “pulse-chase" experiment using "C-labeled glucose can be carried out on a yeast extract that is maintained under strictly anaerobic conditions. The experiment consists of incubating a small amount of "C-labeled substrate (the pulse) with the yeast extract just long enough for each intermediate in the fermentation pathway to become labeled. The label is then “chased" through the pathway by the addition of excess unlabeled glucose. The chase effectively prevents any further entry of labeled glucose into the pathway. 2 ADP 2 ATP Glucose ---> CH3 2 NAD* 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate H H H-C-OH C=0 CH3 CH3 2 co, 2 Ethanol 2 Acetylaldehyde (1) If [1-"C]glucose (glucose labeled at C-1 with "C) is used as a substrate, will there be any "C in the product (ii) Lactic acid is the final fermentation product in vertebrates, while ethanol is the final fermentation product in yeast. Lactic acid can be converted back into glucose while ethanol can not be. In the space below, use a thermodynamic rationale to…