5. Draw head group structures and name the following glycerophospholipid. a: Glycerophospholipid that carries a net positive charge at pH 2.5. b: Glycerophospholipid that carries a net negative charge at pH 7. c: Glycerophospholipid that carries a net zero charge at pH 7.
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- Match lipid descriptions in column A with the phospholipid types in column B. H is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone An amino acid is attached to the phosphate group bound to C3 of glycerol backbone A primary ammonium ion is found in its structure A quaternary ammonium ion is found in its structure A. phosphatidylethanolamine B. glycerophospholipid C. phosphatidylcholine D. phosphatidylserineWhich of the following statements is/are true? 1. Sphingolipids all have a palmitate derivative that is ester-linked to the sphingosine backbone. 2. The addition of cholesterol will always lead to an increase in the rigidity of a lipid bilayer. 3. Glycolipids may have a sphingosine or a glycerol backbone to which a sugar moiety is attached. 4. All lipid molecules are characterized by the presence of a carboxylic acid functional group. O 1 and 2 O 1 only O 2 and 3 O 3 only O 1,3, and 48) Define the following terms: a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophillic 9) Describe the composition of a phospholipid and its relationship with water. Be specific about how the different parts of a phospholipid interact with water.
- 1. Theoretically, a protein could assume a virtually infinite number of configurations and conformations. Suggestseveral features of proteins that drastically limit the actual number. 2. What are the greatest structural features that differentiate sphingolipids from phosphoglycerides? 3. High levels of glucose-6-phosphate inhibit glycolysis. If the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate decreases,activity is restored. Why?Two different membrane components are shown in the figure below. HO B A CH3 choline head group C glycerol backbone H3C D hydrocarbon tail CH3 CH3 CH3 B- C- D CH₂ 0 CH3 O CH3 C=O C=O CH-CH₂ What are the molecular modules indicated by the letters A-D? Select from the two options provided for each module. Asterol polar head group CH₂ CH₂ O CH31. Make a series (at least 3) of drawings to show the three dehydration synthesis reactions that take place between the two Fatty Acids, the Phosphate Head and the Glycerol. Show the water molecules made. a) Label the following on the completed phospholipid: hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecule, fatty acids, phosphate group, and glycerol. b) Compare the structure of the phospholipid to that of a triglyceride. How are the two molecules Similar? How are they different? 2. Use the following vocabulary to label and draw a cell membrane: cytoplasm (cell lumen) extra-cellular fluid hydrophobic hydrophilic polar head non-polar tails a) How many O-H groups are there? And are the O-H areas of sucrose polar or non-polar? b) What is the term that is used to discuss how tightly or loosely an atom's nucleus has a hold of its valence electrons?
- The following structure is a glycerophospholipid. a. Circle & label the 4 parts of the molecule: fatty acids (2), glycerol, phosphate, & amino alcohol. CH,- 0 - Č - (CH,),CH, CH - 0 -Č- (CH,),CH, CH, CH,- 0 - P - 0 - CH,- CH,- N° - CH, b. Which part of the molecule is considered nonpolar (hydrophobic)? (fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate or amino alcohol)15Sphingolipids are considered as phospholipids if: O The polar head group contains a single sugar (carbohydrate) such as glucose All sphingolipids are phospholipids O The polar head group contains a phosphate group The polar head group contains a complex sugar (carbohydrate) containg sialic acid
- Given the following compounds, assemble the structure of the lipid constituent for the cell membrane appropriate to study the following: a. a thermophilic bacteria thriving in a hot spring b. a hepatocyte of a sea lion in the artic ocean c. a frog neurocyte1. Draw 8 phospholipid molecules arranged to show how the phospholipids will orient themselves on the surface of the water. This should be a single layer or monolayer. Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of a phospholipid. 2. Now draw 8 phospholipids, arranged so that they are submerged in the water while still maintaining the correct hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. This structure is called a micelle. 3) Draw a structure that is both submerged in water and contains water on the inside. Draw phospholipids oriented to form a cell membrane, with the tails in and the hydrophilic heads out.O d. Cooking oils e. Stearic acid (saturated fatty acids) Chitin, the structural polysaccharide forming the exoskeleton of arthropods has which of the following linkages Select one: O a. Hydrogen bonds O b. Glycosidic linkage between B glucose c. Ester linkage between a glucose O d. Ester linkage between B glucose O e. Glycosidic linkage between a glucose Finish attempt . e