Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 3CT
In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom was developing new insecticides by modifying sugars with chlorine (Cl2), phosgene (Cl2CO), and other toxic gases. One young member of the team misunderstood his verbal instructions to “test” a new molecule. He thought he had been told to “taste” it. Luckily for him, the molecule was not toxic, but it was very sweet. It became the food additive sucralose.
Sucralose has three chlorine atoms substituted for three hydroxyl groups of sucrose (table sugar):
The altered sugar binds so strongly to the sweet-taste receptors on the tongue that the human brain perceives it as 600 times sweeter than sucrose. Sucralose was originally marketed as an artificial sweetener called Splenda®, but it is now available under several other brand names.
Researchers investigated whether the body recognizes sucralose as a carbohydrate by feeding sucralose labeled with 14C to volunteers. Analysis of the radioactive molecules in the volunteers’ urine and feces showed that 92.8 percent of the sucralose passed through the body without being altered.
Some people are worried that the chlorine atoms impart toxicity to sucralose. How would you respond to that concern?
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Each of the ff. involves a disorder in the function of an organelle or other cell structure. Identify the cell organelle or cell structure involved and indicate whether it is likely to be underactive or active.
a) A baby is placed on a low phenylalanine diet as his newborn screening results revealed that he inherited phenylketonuria.
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Helping tags: biology, cell biology, cell structure, cell organelle
Select the term in column B which best matches the description in column A. There are more terms then
needed.
Column A
Column B
1. The pentose sugar found in DNA.
a) Cis fatty acid
b) Trans fatty acid
c) Coenzyme
d) Cofacipr
2. Commonly referred to as "insoluble fiber".
3. Considered to be an amphipathic molecule.
4. A molecule with the formula C18H3602 is probably a
e) Phospholipid
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) Glycogen
6. A non-protein organic molecule needed for proper enzyme functioning.
g) Cellulose
7. Pyrimidine base found only in RNA.
h) Galactose
i) Fructose
8. Increasing the number of these molecules in the cell membrane would
increase the permeability of the cell membrane.
i) Thymine
k) Uracil
9. Bond which connects nucleotide monomers together.
1) Fatty acid
m) Disaccharide
n) Peptide bond
o) A-Helix
p) B-Pleated Sheet
q) Ribose
r) Deoxyribose
10.
Shown below are absorption spectra for four pigment molecules. Which of these pigments are responsible for giving carrots their orange color?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 3 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 3 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 3 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 3 - Organic molecules consist mainly of ______ atoms....Ch. 3 - Prob. 2SQCh. 3 - _______ groups are the acid part of amino acids...Ch. 3 - _________ is a simple sugar (a monosaccharide). a....Ch. 3 - Name three carbohydrates that can be built using...Ch. 3 - Unlike saturated fats, the fatty acid tails of...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 7SQCh. 3 - Steroids are among the lipids with no _________....Ch. 3 - Which of the following is a class of molecules...Ch. 3 - ________ are to proteins as _______ are to nucleic...Ch. 3 - A denatured protein has lost its _______ . a....Ch. 3 - A ________ is an example of protein secondary...Ch. 3 - In the following list, identify the carbohydrate,...Ch. 3 - Match the molecules with the best description....Ch. 3 - Match each polymer with its component monomers....Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 3 - Lipoprotein particles are relatively large,...Ch. 3 - In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom...
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