Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 3, Problem 3DAA
Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels
Cholesterol that is made by the liver or that enters the body from food cannot dissolve in blood, so it is carried through the bloodstream in clumps called lipoprotein particles. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles carry cholesterol to body tissues such as artery walls, where they can form deposits associated with cardiovascular disease. Thus, LDL is often called “bad” cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles carry cholesterol away from tissues to the liver for disposal, so HDL is often called “good” cholesterol. In 1990, Ronald Mensink and Martijn Katan published a study that tested the effects of different dietary fats on blood lipoprotein levels. Their results are shown in FIGURE 3.2.
FIGURE 3.2 Effect of diet on lipoprotein levels. Researchers placed 59 men and women on a diet in which 10 percent of their daily energy intake consisted of cis fatty acids, trans fatty acids, or saturated fats.
The amounts of LDL and HDL in the blood were measured after three weeks on the diet; averaged results are shown in mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter of blood). All subjects were tested on each of the diets. The ratio of LDL to HDL is also shown.
An elevated risk of heart disease has been correlated with increasing LDL-to-HDL ratios. Which group had the highest LDL-to-HDL ratio?
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While not a lipid, cholesterol is often found associated with membranes. Explain how a cholesterol molecule is able to be held in place, and which parts of the cholesterol associate with which parts of the lipds.
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Lipoproteins are relatively large, combined clumps of both protein and lipid molecules that circulate in the blood of mammals. They come in two forms, called HDL and LDL, and they act like suitcases to move cholesterol, fatty acid remnants, triglycerides, and phospholipids from one place to another through the bloodstream. (LDL recirculates lipids throughout the body, while HDL takes lipids to the liver to excrete them in feces.) Given that lipids are hydrophobic and proteins can be hydrophilic, which of the following statements is correct? (a) The lipid portion of LDL does not dissolve in the bloodstream, while the lipid portion of HDL does. (b) The protein portions of both LDL and HDL can dissolve or interact with the water molecules in the bloodstream. (c) Neither the protein nor the lipid portions of LDL molecules can interact with water molecules in the bloodstream. (d) Both the protein and the lipid portions of HDL molecules can interact with water molecules in the bloodstream.…
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 3 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 3 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 3 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 3 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 3 - Organic molecules consist mainly of ______ atoms....Ch. 3 - Prob. 2SQCh. 3 - _______ groups are the acid part of amino acids...Ch. 3 - _________ is a simple sugar (a monosaccharide). a....Ch. 3 - Name three carbohydrates that can be built using...Ch. 3 - Unlike saturated fats, the fatty acid tails of...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 7SQCh. 3 - Steroids are among the lipids with no _________....Ch. 3 - Which of the following is a class of molecules...Ch. 3 - ________ are to proteins as _______ are to nucleic...Ch. 3 - A denatured protein has lost its _______ . a....Ch. 3 - A ________ is an example of protein secondary...Ch. 3 - In the following list, identify the carbohydrate,...Ch. 3 - Match the molecules with the best description....Ch. 3 - Match each polymer with its component monomers....Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 3 - Lipoprotein particles are relatively large,...Ch. 3 - In 1976, a team of chemists in the United Kingdom...
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