phosphofructokinase reaction ofFructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a regulator of both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis for theglycolysis and the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction of gluconeogenesis. In turn, the concentration offructose-2,6-bisphosphate is regulated by many hormones, second messengers, and enzymes.Classify each condition according to its effect on glycolysis and gluconeogenesisActivates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesisactivation of PFK-2increased levels of cAMPActivates gluconeogenesis and inhibits glycolysisincreased levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphateactivation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-2)increased glucagon levels

Activates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis:Increased levels of…

Answered: phosphofructokinase reaction of…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Similar questions

Mention two biological advantages to an organism that stores its carbohydrate reserves as starch or glycogen rather than as an equivalent amount of free glucose. What role does the protein, glycogenin play in glycogen synthesis? Name the reactants and products of the first two steps of the gluconeogenesis pathway if pyruvate is used as the starting material (structures not needed). Explain why people with a deficiency of the enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) suffer from hemolytic anemia What is meant by reciprocal regulation? Name one compound that reciprocally regulates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. Which enzymes are regulated by this compound? What reactions are catalyzed by these enzymes?
Indicate what will happen (increase, decrease or no effect) to the activity of the enzyme or rate of the metabolic pathway given the following conditions.
For each of the following situations, predict the major concequences for glycogen metabolism. Explain your logic in a few sentences. Will the amount of glycogen be higher or lower than the normal or unchanged. a) Effect of mutation Y194F in glycogenenin on glycogen synthesis. b) Effect on the loss of the gene that encodes inhibitor I of protein phosphatase I on both glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase. c) Effect on the substrate analog shown below in glycogen synthesis (hint: what is the normal reaction sequence? At which step in the pathway does this sequence become blocked and why?)
What is the quaternary structure of glycogen phosphorylase? How would you characterize the allosteric effects of its small molecule substrate? (one word) What allosteric model (mechanism) that you have learned does it seem to follow? (one acronym)
Starting with pyruvate (CH3COCOO—) as the precursor, the first step of gluconeogenesis is activation of pyruvate. Show the reaction for activation of pyruvate. Name the enzyme and coenzyme for this reaction. Why is the activation step necessary? What is the next step after the activation step?
In different organisms sucrose can be cleaved either by hydrolysis or by phosphorolysis. Calculate the ATP yield per mole of sucrose metabolized by anaerobic glycolysis starting with (a) hydrolytic cleavage and (b) phosphorolytic cleavage.
During glycolysis, the enzyme glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the oxidation and phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, forming 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. This reaction, shown below, has a ΔG that is close to zero under cellular conditions. During gluconeogenesis, GAPDH catalyzes the reverse reaction, in which 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced and dephosphorylated. Given this information, which of the following conditions are most likely to directly alter the relative rates of the forward and reverse reactions? (select two answers) changes in the relative concentrations of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate changes in the relative concentrations of NAD+ and NADH decreased cellular concentration of pyruvate increased cellular concentration of glucose regulation of GAPDH activity
The oxidation of Gly-3-P to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate proceeds with an unfavorable AG which equals 6.3 KJ/mol, yet the flow through this point in the glycolytic pathway proceeds smoothly. Why???
Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the first step of gluconeogenesis. ATP + HCO3─ + pyruvate → oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi ∆G0’ = ─2.1 kJ mol-1 a) Calculate ΔG for this reaction under the following physiological conditions: 370C, pH 7 [pyruvate] = [HCO3─] = 4.0 mM [oxaloacetate]= 2.0 mM [ATP] = 3.5 mM [Pi] = 5.0 mM [ADP] = 1.8 mM
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and α -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex are huge enzymes consisting of three discrete enzymatic activities. Which amino acids require a related enzyme complex, and what is the name of the enzyme?
Name one reaction of glycolysis, one anaplerotic reaction, and one reaction of TCA cycle that acetyl-COA allostericqally regulates ( and declare whether it is an activator or inhibitor.)
Explain why people with a hereditary deficiency of carnitine acyltransferase II have muscle weakness. Why are the symptoms more severe during fasting?

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