4. Now we know that heterozygous individuals have an advantage in malaria- prone areas. You observe that in a village in sub-Saharan Africa, the frequency of the sickle cell allele (q) is 0.17 (this number is based on actual data from Grosse et al., 2011). Assume that there are 1,000 people in this village. Based on the value of q above, calculate the observed proportion of individuals with the Nomozygous recessive (aa), heterozygous (2pq), and homozygous dominant (AA) genotypes. p=.83 a. aa (q²) -- .0289 b. Aa (2pq) --.2822 c. AA (p²) -.6889 5. Using your answer from #4 above, calculate the observed # of individuals with each genotype: a. aa (q²) -- 29 b. Aa (2pq) -- 282 c. AA (p²)-689 6. Use the data from the questions above to complete the chi-square analysis table below. e (o-e) (o-e)² (o-e)2 e 7. Calculate the chi-square statistic: x². x² = Σ (o-e]² =

4. Now we know that heterozygous individuals have an advantage in malaria- prone areas. You observe that in a village in sub-Saharan Africa, the frequency of the sickle cell allele (q) is 0.17 (this number is based on actual data from Grosse et al., 2011). Assume that there are 1,000 people in this village. Based on the value of q above, calculate the observed proportion of individuals with the Nomozygous recessive (aa), heterozygous (2pq), and homozygous dominant (AA) genotypes. p=.83 a. aa (q²) -- .0289 b. Aa (2pq) --.2822 c. AA (p²) -.6889 5. Using your answer from #4 above, calculate the observed # of individuals with each genotype: a. aa (q²) -- 29 b. Aa (2pq) -- 282 c. AA (p²)-689 6. Use the data from the questions above to complete the chi-square analysis table below. e (o-e) (o-e)² (o-e)2 e 7. Calculate the chi-square statistic: x². x² = Σ (o-e]² =

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter21: Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYK: If the genotype frequencies in a population are 0.60 AA, 0.20 Aa, and 0.20 aa, and if the...

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If the genotype frequencies in a population are 0.60 AA, 0.20 Aa, and 0.20 aa, and if the requirements of the HardyWeinberg principle apply, the genotype frequencies in the offspring generation will be: a. 0.60 AA, 0.20 Aa, 0.20 aa. b. 0.36 AA, 0.60 Aa, 0.04 aa. c. 0.49 AA, 0.42 Aa, 0.09 aa. d. 0.70 AA, 0.00 Aa, 0.30 aa. e. 0.64 AA, 0.32 Aa, 0.04 aa.
1. Assume Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In a population with 756 individuals, if genotype frequencies are equal to (AA) 36%, (Aa) 48%, and (aa) 16%, what is the probability of obtaining an (Aa) zygote? 36% 48% 60% 16%
7. In humans, Rh- blood is caused by the inheritance of two recessive alleles. Rh + blood is the result of inheriting at least one dominant allele for this blood type. The frequency of the recessive allele is 60%. What would the frequencies of the following be, assuming Harvey-Weinberg Equilibrium? ( * H/W equation: p²+ 2pq + q² = 1 Genotype DD = Dd = dd =
7. In a study of a Native tribe in North America, researchers found 26 albino individuals in a population of 6000. The type of albinism found is controlled by a single gene with just two alleles, and albinism is recessive to normal skin coloration. a. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what is the frequency of the allele for albinism in this population? b. What is the frequency of carriers of the albinism allele (i.e., heterozygous) in this population, again assuming Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
3. In a given population, only the "A" and "B" alleles are present in the ABO system; there are no individuals with type "O" blood or with O alleles in this particular population. If 200 people have type A blood, 75 have type AB blood, and 25 have type B blood, what are the alleleic frequencies of this population (i.e., what are p and q)?
7. Red blood cells can possess a surface antigen called the Rhesus (Rh) factor. Rh+ (presence of the factor) is dominant over Rh¯ (absence). A village of population 400 was sampled and the frequency of the allele coding for Rht was found to be 0.356. a) Determine the number of individuals in the village who will be Rh b) Determine the probability of being heterozygous
1. A sample of 600 individuals from a population is examined for the presence of the HindIII polymorphism in an autsomal Sca gene. There are two alleles of Sca gene, A and a. The results are 14 individuals are AA, 212 are Aa, 374 are aa. Please answer the following questions accordingly? How many alleles are present in the gene pool in the sample population fort he Sca gene? What are the genotype frequencies? What are the frequencies of A and a alleles? What are the expected numbers of the three genotypes, assuming random
3. Frequency Calculation In a population of 80 rabbits, 20 are homozygous dominant, 40 are heterozygotes, and 20 are albino homozygous recessive. a. Provide the frequencies of each genotype and the frequencies of each allele in the gene pool. Use proper notation (for example, f(AA)). Answer: b. Why do the frequencies add up to 1? Answer:
3. Researchers are investigating a newly discovered condition that greatly increases the likelihood of lung damage associated with the use of e-cigarettes. They found that 2% of their study population has the condition. The researchers believe they have found a useful marker locus for assessing the presence of the condition in individuals with unknown family history. They have found that, of those individuals with the condition, 99% have the marker allele M1. Of those without the condition, 99.8% have an alternative allele M2 at the marker locus. What is the probability that an individual has the condition if they have marker allele M1 and what do you conclude about the utility of the marker locus for indirect diagnosis?
If a population of skunks includes some individuals with stripes and others with spots, would you describe the variation as quantitative or qualitative?
15. Imagine evolution of allele frequencies on an island under these conditions: **The population on the adjacent continent is fixed for allele A₁.**Conditions on the island favor A2 ; fitness of A,A₁, AA₂, and A2A2 genotypes are: 1, 1+s, and 1 + 2s. **There is a migration rate of m individuals/N per generation from the continent. = 5 x 104, what will be the a) Given that s = 0.01 and m equilibrium frequency of A₂? What will this mean for local adaptation?" Answer: b) If m = 0.5, what will happen to the frequency of A₂? What is this phenomenon called and what will this mean for local adaptation? ( Answer: c) Does gene flow always have a negative effect on adaptation? If no, explain how a positive effect of gene flow on adaptation might arise. (points) Answer: 16. It is now common to score thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in many individuals sampled from several populations. Many of these SNPs are neutral and therefore provide information about rates of migration…
4. In humans, the gene for sickle-cell trait has two alleles, A and a. People with the aa genotype have the blood disease sickle cell anemia. People with the genotype Aa are healthy, and additionally are resistant to the disease malaria. People with the genotype AA are healthy but are not resistant to malaria. In a human population, 14 people are found to have sickle cell anemia, while 6,024 people are healthy and not malaria resistant, and 3,046 people are healthy and resistant to malaria. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium for this gene? Show how you know. What does your answer say about evolution with respect to this gene? In humans, a gene for hair texture has two alleles, T and T'. Individuals with the genotype TT have curly hair, individuals with the genoype T'T' have straight hair, and heterozygotes with the genotype TT' have wavy hair. A human population has 961 straight-haired people, 361 curly- haired people, and 1178 wavy-haired people. Is this population in…