Refer to the section “The Big Picture: Experimental Design” a.  What is the purpose of a correlative (observational) study?b.  List two limitations of a correlative study.c.  What is the purpose of a causative (manipulative) study?

What is the purpose of researcher?  What is the function of the background to the study in the research protocol? Is there a difference between research question and research hypothesis? Explain your response. What make a research innovative?

Develop a hypothetical research scenario that would warrant the application of the grounded theory approach. What type of design would be best utilized along with this approach?

The following are reasons why randomized control trials (RCTs) are not used to investigate all research questions, except:    a. RCTs can be expensive, which can make it difficult if funding is limited   b. RCTs can be time-consuming, and it may take months and sometimes years to obtain final results   c. For certain research questions and/or certain types of exposure variables, it may not be ethical to conduct an RCT   d. RCTs are less valid than observational analytical study designs

What are the arguments for and against pathogenic gain-of-function research? What do you think about whether or not this type of research should be pursued and why?

Which of the following is not mentioned by Marder (2011) as a category of experimental research?   A. Developing a mathematical model of a biology process   B. Measuring a value   C. Measuring a relationship between variables   D. Using computers for analysis   E. Improving and industrial product

The goal of basic research is toa. uncover new knowledge without regard for itspotential use.b. discover new knowledge with regard forpotential use in development.c. discover knowledge for potential use.d. put new or existing knowledgeto use.e. combine ideas.

In double-blind studies neither the test subject or the researcher knows who was given the drug and who was given the control. Why are these studies effective for testing a drug that may elevate mood and relieve feelings of depression? Since there are two symptoms that are affected, a double-blind study is required. Double-blind studies are ways to ensure that only the researcher can figure out who is getting the effective drug. Double-blind studies are the most economical way to gather results from testing on humans. The patients and researchers are not given this information so they cannot be influenced in reporting the effectiveness.

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Explain the factors that affect the validity of experimental data (controls, bias, correlation, statistics).