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3. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. The disease is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which encodes for hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. In sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the hemoglobin to form into a crescent or sickle shape, making the red blood cells stiff and sticky. This can cause blockages in blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and a decreased lifespan. Given the severity of the phenotype, you would expect the frequency of the sickle cell allele to be very low. However, in populations in Africa where malaria is prevalent, the allele frequency is maintained at higher than expected frequencies. You examine a population of individuals living in an area where the risk of contracting malaria is high and find that there are 24 homozygous dominant, 70 heterozygous, and 6 homozygous recessive individuals. a. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) with respect to the sickle cell trait? Recall these steps to test your hypothesis: Estimate your allele frequencies in that population using the genotype counts. ● Then use the allele frequencies to generate predicted genotype frequencies and counts assumed under HWE that you can use in a Chi-square test Calculate a Chi-square test and assess if the population is in HWE.| b. If the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what pattern of adaptive evolution best explains the variation you observed?

3. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. The disease is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which encodes for hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. In sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the hemoglobin to form into a crescent or sickle shape, making the red blood cells stiff and sticky. This can cause blockages in blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and a decreased lifespan. Given the severity of the phenotype, you would expect the frequency of the sickle cell allele to be very low. However, in populations in Africa where malaria is prevalent, the allele frequency is maintained at higher than expected frequencies. You examine a population of individuals living in an area where the risk of contracting malaria is high and find that there are 24 homozygous dominant, 70 heterozygous, and 6 homozygous recessive individuals. a. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) with respect to the sickle cell trait? Recall these steps to test your hypothesis: Estimate your allele frequencies in that population using the genotype counts. ● Then use the allele frequencies to generate predicted genotype frequencies and counts assumed under HWE that you can use in a Chi-square test Calculate a Chi-square test and assess if the population is in HWE.| b. If the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what pattern of adaptive evolution best explains the variation you observed?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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3. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. The disease is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which encodes for hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. In sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the hemoglobin to form into a crescent or sickle shape, making the red blood cells stiff and sticky. This can cause blockages in blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and a decreased lifespan. Given the severity of the phenotype, you would expect the frequency of the sickle cell allele to be very low. However, in populations in Africa where malaria is prevalent, the allele frequency is maintained at higher than expected frequencies. You examine a population of individuals living in an area where the risk of contracting malaria is high and find that there are 24 homozygous dominant, 70 heterozygous, and 6 homozygous recessive individuals. a. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) with respect to the sickle cell trait? Recall these steps to test your hypothesis: Estimate your allele frequencies in that population using the genotype counts. ● Then use the allele frequencies to generate predicted genotype frequencies and counts assumed under HWE that you can use in a Chi-square test Calculate a Chi-square test and assess if the population is in HWE.| b. If the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what pattern of adaptive evolution best explains the variation you observed?
Transcribed Image Text:3. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells. The disease is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which encodes for hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. In sickle cell disease, the mutation causes the hemoglobin to form into a crescent or sickle shape, making the red blood cells stiff and sticky. This can cause blockages in blood vessels, leading to pain, organ damage, and a decreased lifespan. Given the severity of the phenotype, you would expect the frequency of the sickle cell allele to be very low. However, in populations in Africa where malaria is prevalent, the allele frequency is maintained at higher than expected frequencies. You examine a population of individuals living in an area where the risk of contracting malaria is high and find that there are 24 homozygous dominant, 70 heterozygous, and 6 homozygous recessive individuals. a. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) with respect to the sickle cell trait? Recall these steps to test your hypothesis: Estimate your allele frequencies in that population using the genotype counts. ● Then use the allele frequencies to generate predicted genotype frequencies and counts assumed under HWE that you can use in a Chi-square test Calculate a Chi-square test and assess if the population is in HWE.| b. If the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, what pattern of adaptive evolution best explains the variation you observed?
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